Table 1. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics.
|
Intervention group (n = 43) |
Waiting control group (n = 45) |
Total (n = 88) |
|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 50.0 (7.5) | 51.6 (6.3) | 50.85 (6.9) |
| Female, n (%) | 33 (76.7%) | 34 (75.6%) | 67 (76.1%) |
|
Age groups, n (%) <50 years 50 – 59 years ≥ 60 years |
17 (39.5%) 24 (55.8%) 2 (4.7%) |
14 (31.1%) 28 (62.2%) 3 (6.7%) |
31 (35.2%) 52 (59.1%) 5 (5.7%) |
|
Marital status, n (%) married/cohabiting separated/divorced/widowed single |
28 (65.1%) 10 (23.3%) 5 (11.6%) |
28 (62.2%) 11 (24.5%) 6 (13.3%) |
56 (63.6%) 21 (23.9%) 11 (12.5%) |
|
Employment status, n (%) full-time work part-time work self-employed more than one employer other |
20 (46.5%) 9 (20.9%) 7 (16.3%) 2 (4.7%) 5 (11.6%) |
30 (66.6%) 8 (17.8%) 3 (6.7%) 4 (8.9%) 0 (0.0%) |
50 (56.8%) 17 (19.3%) 10 (11.4%) 6 (6.8%) 5 (5.7%) |
|
Highest educational level, n (%) general secondary school certificate intermediate secondary school certificate qualification for university/universities of applied sciences entrance university degree/universities of applied sciences degree |
2 (4.6%) 19 (44.2%) 7 (16.3%) 15 (34.9%) |
5 (11.0%) 16 (35.6%) 8 (17.8%) 16 (35.6%) |
7 (8.0%) 35 (39.8%) 15 (17.0%) 31 (35.2%) |
| No sick days (last 6 months), n (%) | 8 (18.6%) | 15 (33.3%) | 23 (26.1%) |
|
Number of sick days (last 6 months), mean (SD), median |
13.4 (21.4). 6.5 | 8.0 (14.7). 4 | 10.6 (18.3). 5 |
|
MBI-GS-D, mean (SD) Emotional exhaustion Cynism Professional efficacy |
4.5 (0.7) 3.5 (0.8) 3.7 (0.6) |
4.4 (0.6) 3.6 (1.1) 3.6 (0.7) |
4.4 (0.6) 3.5 (1.0) 3.7 (0.6) |
|
PSQ, mean (SD) Worries Tension Joy Demands Total |
54.4 (18.7) 77.8 (15.9) 31.0 (18.5) 73.8 (17.1) 68.8 (12.8) |
55.3 (20.5) 75.0 (15.6) 29.9 (17.7) 71.7 (18.3) 68.0 (14.0) |
54.8 (19.5) 76.4 (15.7) 30.5 (18.0) 72.7 (17.6) 68.4 (13.4) |
|
WHO-5, mean (SD) Total |
31.3 (16.1) | 30.1 (14.4) | 30.7 (15.2) |
|
EQ-5D, n (%) Mobility, no problems Self-care, no problems Usual activities, no problems Pain/discomfort, no problems Anxiety/depression, no problems |
29 (67.4%) 40 (93.0%) 19 (44.2%) 2 (4.7%) 10 (23.3%) |
29 (64.4%) 45 (100%) 16 (35.6%) 0 (0%) 10 (22.2%) |
58 (65.9%) 85 (96.6%) 35 (39.8%) 2 (2.3%) 20 (22.7%) |
|
EQ-5D, mean (SD) Health status |
59.2 (17.7) | 62.9 (14.8) | 61.1 (16.3) |
|
Back pain frequency, n (%) none/now and then periodically/often/very often or permanently |
11 (25.6%) 32 (74.4%) |
13 (28.9%) 32 (71.1%) |
24 (27.3%) 64 (72.7%) |
| Back pain severity, mean (SD) | 5.4 (2.4) | 5.6 (1.9) | 5.5 (2.2) |
|
ISR, mean (SD) Depressive disorders Anxiety disorders Obsessive-compulsive disorders Somatoform disorders Eating disorders Additional items Total |
1.7 (0.7) 1.4 (1.1) 1.1 (1.0) 0.9 (0.9) 0.7 (0.8) 0.9 (0.5) 1.1 (0.5) |
1.7 (0.7) 1.1 (0.8) 1.0 (0.8) 0.7 (0.7) 1.1 (1.1) 0.9 (0.4) 1.1 (0.4) |
1.7 (0.7) 1.2 (0.9) 1.0 (0.9) 0.8 (0.8) 0.9 (1.0) 0.9 (0.5) 1.1 (0.5) |
MBI-GS-D: Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey; PSQ: Perceived Stress Questionnaire; WHO-5: World Health Organization 5-item Well-Being Index;
EQ-5D: EuroQol (EQ-5D); ISR: ICD-10-Symptom-Rating