Table 2.
Clinical Data of HIV-Infected Persons With Meningococcal Disease Reported by Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Sites, 2000–2008 (n = 32)a
| Clinical Characteristics | N (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Past Medical History, Physical Exam on Admission, and Complications | ||
| History | Previous meningococcal vaccination | 0 |
| Tobacco use | 11 (35.5) | |
| Asplenia | 1 (3.1) | |
| Complement deficiency | 0 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3 (9.7) | |
| Liver disease | 5 (16.1) | |
| Chronic renal disease | 3 (9.7) | |
| Exam | Cachexia, malnourishment, or wasting | 5 (18.5) |
| Fever ≥100.5°F (38°C) | 25 (80.6) | |
| Rash | 13 (41.9) | |
| Altered mental status or comatose | 9 (31.0) | |
| Complications | ICU admission | 16 (55.2) |
| Respiratory failure requiring intubation | 8 (25.0) | |
| Purpura fulminans | 1 (3.1) | |
| Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome | 1 (3.1) | |
| Death | 4 (12.1) | |
| HIV-related clinical datab | ||
| CDC AIDS surveillance case definition met | 18 (56.3) | |
| History of AIDS-defining condition only | 8 (44.4) | |
| History of CD4 ever <200 cells/µL only | 6 (33.3) | |
| Both AIDS-defining condition and CD4 criteria met | 4 (22.2) | |
| Concurrent CD4 count available | 22 (68.8) | |
| ≥500 cells/µL | 7 (31.8) | |
| 200–499 cells/µL | 9 (40.9) | |
| <200 cells/µL | 6 (27.3) | |
| History of HAART use ascertainable | 25 (78.1) | |
| Currently taking at time of presentation | 16 (64.0) | |
| Previous use | 7 (28.0) | |
| Never used | 2 (8.0) | |
| Currently taking opportunistic infection prophylaxis at time of presentationc | 7 (22.6) | |
Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ICU, intensive care unit.
aDenominators may vary due to missing data.
bReported data on CD4 percentages and HIV viral load testing was limited and are not shown.
cDefined as taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin, dapsone, or other medication specifically for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis pneumonia or Mycobacteriam avium complex infection.