Table 4.
Associations between Prior Psychiatric Diagnoses and Long-Term Opioid Receipt
| Prior Diagnosis | Long-Term Opioids by Year 3
|
Unadjusted HR (95% CI) |
Adjusted HR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No diagnosis | Diagnosis | |||
| OUD | 2.1% | 11.3% | 6.49 (6.11–6.89) | 8.70 (8.20–9.24) |
| SUD | 2.1% | 5.3% | 2.63 (2.55–2.70) | 3.15 (3.06–3.24) |
| Depressive disorder | 2.0% | 3.7% | 1.90 (1.87–1.92) | 1.94 (1.91–1.96) |
| Suicide attempt/Self-injury | 2.1% | 3.5% | 1.67 (1.45–1.93) | 2.55 (2.21–2.94) |
| Anxiety disorder | 2.0% | 3.6% | 1.82 (1.79–1.85) | 1.92 (1.89–1.95) |
| Sleep disorder | 2.0% | 4.1% | 2.08 (2.05–2.11) | 1.78 (1.75–1.80) |
| Motor vehicle crasha | 2.3% | 3.5% | 1.67 (1.55–1.80) | 1.99 (1.85–2.14) |
Note. Kaplan-Meier estimates of probability of long-term receipt onset by year 3. HR estimates from Cox regression. Adjusted models control sex, index age group, and calendar year of index date. A complete list of diagnosis codes is available in Table S2, Supplemental Digital Content. HR = hazard ratio. CI = confidence interval. OUD = opioid use disorder. SUD = non-opioid substance use disorder.
a
Motor vehicle crashes include patients aged 19 years or older at index (n = 9 196 693).