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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Expert Rev Vaccines. 2016 Jun 20;15(12):1519–1533. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1198259

Table 2.

Estimated risks of contracting viscerotropic yellow fever1

Illness Death
Travel to West Africa 500 per million travelers 100 per million travelers
Travel to South America 50 per million travelers 10 per million travelers
Overall risk to all US travelers 0.5–5 per million travelers 0.7 per million travelers
YFV-17D vaccination risk 13–51 per million doses 0.1–2.6 per million doses
1

The travel risks of contracting yellow fever or dying from the disease have been estimated for a two week journey during inter-epidemic periods of yellow fever in West Africa or South America [99]. The overall risk to all US travelers has been estimated at lower rates, based on data analysis for US travelers from 1996–2004 [62]. The risk of yellow fever-associated death among US travelers is based on two deaths among an estimated 3 million unvaccinated US travelers [99] and the risks of illness or death due to YFV-17D vaccination are described in Table 1.