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. 2016 Dec 19;6:39133. doi: 10.1038/srep39133

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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(a) The calculated maximum density of free electrons in the center of the irradiation spot on fused silica surface under the action of a 130-fs 800-nm laser pulse as a function of average laser fluence. (b) Time-integrated bremsstrahlung emission intensity from the central point of the irradiation spot calculated by Eq. (9) as a function of average laser fluence. The calculated damage threshold and the fluence at which the critical electron density is reached are shown by straight lines. Note that in simulations the fluence was doubled to correspond to the experimental peak fluence. Here the data are presented for average laser fluences.