Table 2.

Individual traits and semen analysis results in adolescents without varicocele (control group) in adolescents with varicocele and normal semen (VNS), and adolescents with varicocele and altered semen (VAS). The groups were compared using ANOVA parametric test with post hoc Sidak, unless otherwise specified

	Control (n = 20)	VNS (n = 22)	VAS (n = 19)	p
Age (years)
Median; IR	16.5; 2.00	16.0; 2.00	16.0; 1.00	Ω 0.595
Q1 - Q3	15.0–17.0	15.0–17.0	16.0–17.0
Abstinence (days)
Median; IR	3.5; 1.40	4.0; 2.00	3.0; 2.00	Ω 0.289
Q1 - Q3	2.9–4.0	3.0–5.0	2.3–4.0
Volume (mL)
Median; IR	2.7; 1.15	2.7; 1.00	2.7; 1.40	Ω 0.937
Q1 - Q3	2.1–3.1	2.2–3.1	1.9–3.3
Sperm concentration (million/mL)
Mean; DP	80.5; 50.49 a	96.1; 60.94 a	13.4; 11.25 b	<0.00001*
CI (95 %)	56.9–104.2	69.8–122.5	8.1–18.9
Progressive motility (%)
Median; IR	64.5; 10.50	58.0; 10.00	56.0; 16.00	Ω 0.122
Q1 - Q3	59.3–66.8	54–63.5	51.5–66
Total motility (%)
Mean; SD	65.5; 7.25 a	60.1; 12.18 a	60; 12.65 a	0.201
CI (95 %)	62.1–68.9	54.9–65.4	53.9–66.1
Sperm morphology (% normal)
Median; IR	9.5; 3.80 a	9.0; 4.00 a	2;.0 4.00 b	Ω <0.00001*
Q1 - Q3	7.8–11.0	6.0–10.0	1.5–4.5
Left testicular volume (mL)
Median; IR	20.0; 4.50 a	17.0; 3.00 ab	15.0; 6.00 b	Ω 0.046*
Q1 - Q3	15.5–20.0	15–18.0	12.0–18.0
Right testicular volume (mL)
Median; IR	20.0; 4.25	18.0; 3.00	15.0; 3.00	Ω 0.186
Q1 - Q3	17.2–21.5	17.0–20.0	15.0–18.0

VNS – Varicocele and normal semen group

VAS – Varicocele and altered semen group

SD – standard derivation

CI (95 %) – 95 % confidence interval of the mean

^Ω - a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used, followed by a Games Howell post hoc test, when applicable. Values expressed in median; interquartile range (IR)

Q1-Q3 –first and third quartile, respectively

a,b – different superscript letters in a same row indicate statistical difference between groups in a post hoc test (p < 0.05)