Figure 1. QS-21 is a potent adjuvant for the induction of cellular and humoral responses.

(A) Experiment timeline. (B) Mice were immunised as in (A) and cytokine production and polyfunctionality of HBs-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells were assessed by flow cytometric cytokine intracellular staining at days 7 and 21. Data is represented as median of 6 (Ag alone groups) or 20 (Ag + QS-21 groups) animals. (C) Percentage of OVA-specific CD8 T cells quantified by H2Kb-SIINFEKL pentamer staining at days 7 and 21. (D) Expression of CD127 and KLRG1 on pentamer-positive CD8 T cells measured by flow cytometry. (F) Anti-HBs IgG1 and IgG2c titres measured by ELISA in the serum of mice immunised with antigens alone (Ag) or antigens formulated with QS-21 on days 7 and 21. Each point represents a single mouse and the horizontal bar represents the geometric mean. Statistical significance was determined by a non-parametric Mann Mann-Whitney test. The data is representative of at least 2 independent experiments.