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. 2016 Dec 15;7:13722. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13722

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(a) Schematic showing PC recording configurations (GC, granule cell; MLI, molecular layer interneuron; PC, Purkinje cell; PF, parallel fibre) and representative somatic (lower trace), proximal dendritic (middle trace, ∼60 μm from soma) and distal dendritic (upper trace, ∼100 μm from soma) voltage recordings from three PCs in vivo. Asterisks denote complex spikes. Right—dendritic calcium spike waveforms (50 consecutive traces overlaid (grey) and average V_m (black)). (b) Representative dendritic voltage recordings from two different PCs that depolarize (upper trace) or hyperpolarize (lower trace) during self-paced locomotion (blue shading). Motion index (MI, grey) defines the magnitude and duration of each locomotion bout. Note dendritic calcium spikes have been truncated to improve visualization of dendritic V_m (dV_m) changes. Red lines depict smoothed average V_m. (c) Average PC dV_m changes (ΔdV_m) during self-paced locomotion (n=19 cells, N=17 mice). Black filled circles depict dV_m changes in distal dendritic recordings (n=6 cells) and grey symbols depict dV_m changes in proximal dendritic recordings (n=13 cells). (d) Average change in dV_m (ΔdV_m) as a function of increasing movement (MI). Grey lines represent exponential fits to the data in individual cells, solid purple lines represent examples of dV_m changes that are relative to the magnitude of movement and dashed purple lines represent cells that are highly sensitive to small movements associated with movement preparation or initiation (n=19 cells, N=17 mice). a.u., arbitrary units. (e) Distribution of Tau_MI values taken from the exponential fits shown in d. (f) Relationship between ΔdV_m and percentage change in dSSp firing rate during self-paced, locomotion (n=13 cells, N=11 mice). Filled symbols represent the data from individual PCs and the solid line is a linear fit to the data r=0.71, P<0.01. (g) Average dendritic calcium spike frequency during quiet wakefulness and locomotion (n=19 cells, N=17 mice). Filled circles represent individual cells and dotted line represents unity.