Table III.
Univariable associations with recurrence
| Feature | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|
| Age at index anaphylaxis | 1.07 (0.93–1.24)* | 0.36 |
| Age at index anaphylaxis | ||
| Pediatric | 1.0 (reference) | |
| Adult | 1.36 (0.66–2.81) | 0.40 |
| Sex | ||
| Women | 1.0 (reference) | |
| Men | 0.58 (0.33–1.03) | 0.064 |
| Race/ethnicity (N=562) | ||
| White | 1.0 (reference) | |
| Non-White | 1.07 (0.50–2.29) | 0.85 |
| Past medical history | ||
| Asthma | 1.39 (0.71–2.71) | 0.34 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 1.86 (0.87–3.96) | 0.11 |
| Atopic dermatitis | 3.41 (1.21–9.61) | 0.020 |
| Hives | 2.12 (0.84–5.36) | 0.11 |
| Inciting allergen | ||
| Food | 1.0 (reference) | |
| Medication | 0.63 (0.28–1.41) | 0.26 |
| Venom | 0.34 (0.14–0.84) | 0.019 |
| Unknown | 1.14 (0.50–2.58) | 0.76 |
| Contrast, latex, and other | 1.58 (0.67–3.72) | 0.30 |
| Mucocutaneous symptom | ||
| Diffuse urticarial | 0.78 (0.43–1.41) | 0.40 |
| Local angioedema | 1.04 (0.55–1.96) | 0.90 |
| Oral pruritus | 6.03 (2.69–13.49) | <0.001 |
| Pruritus | 1.58 (0.79–3.16) | 0.20 |
| Flushing | 1.75 (0.90–3.43) | 0.10 |
| Local urticarial | 0.97 (0.53–1.78) | 0.93 |
| Conjunctivitis | 0.73 (0.04–12.25)† | 0.83 |
| Oropharyngeal edema | 2.35 (1.11–5.02) | 0.027 |
| Diffuse angioedema | 0.61 (0.08–4.38) | 0.62 |
| Diaphoresis | 0.50 (0.03–8.42)† | 0.63 |
| Chemosis/edema ocular conjunctiva | 0.85 (0.21–3.51) | 0.82 |
| Tightness or fullness of throat | 1.60 (0.94–2.86) | 0.082 |
| Rhinitis | 0.62 (0.09–4.53) | 0.64 |
| Any of above | 1.20 (0.17–8.74) | 0.85 |
| Gastrointestinal tract symptom | ||
| Emesis | 0.50 (0.16–1.60) | 0.24 |
| Nausea | 0.49 (0.12–2.02) | 0.32 |
| Abdominal cramping | 1.09 (0.27–4.50) | 0.90 |
| Diarrhea | 0.20 (0.01–3.35) | 0.26 |
| Any of above | 0.44 (0.18–1.12) | 0.086 |
| Cardiovascular symptom | ||
| Pre-syncope/lightheadedness | 0.98 (0.48–2.02) | 0.96 |
| Chest pain | 0.32 (0.10–1.03) | 0.056 |
| Hypotension | 0.44 (0.11–1.80) | 0.25 |
| Arrhythmia | 12.39 (0.71–216.78) | 0.085 |
| Syncope | 0.26 (0.04–1.92) | 0.19 |
| Orthostatic hypotension | 0.61 (0.04–10.33) | 0.73 |
| Any of above | 0.55 (0.29–1.03) | 0.062 |
| Respiratory tract symptom | ||
| Dyspnea/difficulty breathing | 1.30 (0.71–2.38) | 0.40 |
| Wheezing/bronchospasm | 1.07 (0.50–2.29) | 0.85 |
| Cough | 3.93 (1.75–8.80) | <0.001 |
| Hoarseness/raspy voice | 3.89 (1.98–7.65) | <0.001 |
| Cyanosis | 0.52 (0.03–8.70) | 0.65 |
| Stridor | 1.81 (0.25–13.12) | 0.56 |
| Aphonia | 3.01 (0.18–50.53) | 0.44 |
| Any of above | 1.51 (0.73–3.13) | 0.26 |
| Steroid provided as therapy | 4.30 (1.93–9.59) | <0.001 |
| Epinephrine provided as therapy | 1.44 (0.82–2.52) | 0.20 |
*
Hazard ratio represents a 10-year increase in age.
†
Hazard ratio estimated using Firth’s penalized maximum likelihood.
CI: Confidence interval