Table 1.
Characteristics of HIV-uninfected and infected women in Uganda and Zimbabwe (n = 396)
| Characteristic | HIV uninfected (n = 208)
|
HIV infected (n = 188)
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uganda (n = 105) n (%) | Zimbabwe (n = 103) n (%) | P value* | Uganda (n = 88) n (%) | Zimbabwe (n = 100) n (%) | P value* | |
| Age (years)† | ||||||
| 18–24 | 23 (22) | 20 (19) | 0.904 | 28 (32) | 19 (19) | 0.128 |
| 25–29 | 38 (36) | 39 (38) | 33 (38) | 42 (42) | ||
| ≥30 | 44 (42) | 44 (43) | 27 (31) | 39 (39) | ||
| ≤9 years of education‡ | 81 (78) | 34 (33) | <0.001 | 60 (68) | 39 (39) | <0.001 |
| Living with partner§ | 87 (83) | 96 (93) | 0.032 | 43 (51) | 72 (72) | 0.004 |
| Majority contraceptive use†** | ||||||
| COC | 33 (31) | 37 (36) | 0.752 | 13 (15) | 24 (24) | <0.001 |
| DMPA | 35 (33) | 30 (29) | 32 (38) | 55 (55) | ||
| NH | 37 (35) | 36 (35) | 40 (47) | 21 (21) | ||
| Currently pregnant† | 0 | 0 | NA | 4 (5) | 4 (4) | 1.000 |
| HSV-2 positive† | 68 (67) | 56 (54) | 0.087 | 69 (81) | 87 (87) | 0.314 |
*
Based on Fisher’s exact test
†
At CD4 study visit, which occurred between July 2003 and January 2004 for the HIV-uninfected group and between March 2001 and July 2007 for the HIV-infected group
‡
At Hormonal Contraception and Risk of HIV Acquisition (HC–HIV) screening visit (13–45 months prior to the CD4 visit)
§
At HC–HIV screening visit (13–45 months prior to the CD4 visit) for the HIV-uninfected group; at GS enrolment visit (0–6 months prior to the CD4 visit) for the HIV-infected group
**
Combined oral contraceptive (COC), depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and non-hormonal (NH) contraceptive methods
HSV-2 = herpes simplex virus-2; NA = not applicable