Table 3.

Predictors of CD4 counts in separate multivariable models for HIV-uninfected and infected women in Uganda and Zimbabwe

Variable	HIV uninfected (n = 208)			HIV infected (n = 180*)
	Estimated CD4	95% CI	P value†	Estimated CD4	95% CI	P value†
Intercept	927	774, 1080	<0.001	658	547, 770	<0.001
Country
Zimbabwe	−114	−206, −23	0.014	−202	−287, −117	<0.001
Uganda	Reference			Reference
Majority contraceptive use‡§
COC	−27	−126, 71	0.590	131	21, 240	0.019
DMPA	−38	−138, 62	0.454	20	−65, 105	0.649
NH	Reference			Reference
Age (years)§
18–24	27	−82, 135	0.629	34	−64, 133	0.496
25–29	50	−42, 141	0.287	−1	−79, 77	0.980
30 and up	Reference			Reference
≤9 years of education**	39	−51, 129	0.395	−19	−93, 54	0.608
Living with partner††	39	−87, 165	0.544	9	−69, 87	0.817
Currently pregnant§	–	–	–	−154	−294, −14	0.031

^*Eight women were excluded in the HIV-infected model due to missing data

^†Based on chi-square test by the generalized estimating equation model with Gamma distribution

^‡Combined oral contraceptive (COC), depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and non-hormonal (NH) contraceptive methods

^§At CD4 study visit, which occurred between July 2003 and January 2004 for the HIV-uninfected group and between March 2001 and July 2007 for the HIV-infected group

^**At Hormonal Contraception and Risk of HIV Acquisition (HC–HIV) screening visit (13–45 months prior to the CD4 visit)

^††At HC–HIV screening visit (13–45 months prior to the CD4 visit) for the HIV-uninfected group; at GS enrolment visit (0–6 months prior to the CD4 visit) for the HIV-infected group