Table 2.
Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Results
| Case (n = 162) | Control (n = 88) | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or Median (Interquartile Range) | n (%) or Median (Interquartile Range) | ||
| Back Pain | |||
| None | 54 (33.3%) | 53 (60.2%) | <.001 |
| Nontraumatic | 94 (58.0%) | 29 (33.0%) | |
| Traumatic | 14 (8.6%) | 6 (6.8%) | |
| Duration of back pain in days | 7 (3–21) | 5 (2–14) | .18 |
| Neck pain | 38 (23.5%) | 21 (23.9%) | 1.00 |
| Duration of neck pain in days | 6 (2–2) | 5 (1–14) | .83 |
| Paresthesia | 55 (34.0%) | 39 (44.3%) | .13 |
| Duration of paresthesia in days | 4 (1–14) | 3 (1–14) | .63 |
| Radicular pain | 42 (25.9%) | 13 (14.8%) | .05 |
| Focal neurologic deficit | 68 (42.0%) | 45 (51.4%) | .18 |
| Duration of focal neurologic deficit | 4 (1–7) | 2 (1–14) | .59 |
| Bowel incontinence | 10 (6.2%) | 5 (5.7%) | 1.00 |
| Bladder incontinence | 15 (9.3%) | 11 (12.5% | .52 |
| Urinary retention | 20 (12.4%) | 16 (18.2%) | .26 |
| Fever and/or rigor | 101 (62.4%) | 12 (13.6%) | <.001 |
| Duration of fever | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | .91 |
| Acute mental status abnormalities | 41 (25.3%) | 17 (19.3%) | .35 |
| Noncontiguous Coinfections | |||
| Bacteremia | 103 (63.6%) | 7 (8.0%) | <.001 |
| Pneumoniab | 20 (12.4%) | 3 (3.4%) | .02 |
| Genitourinary | 21 (13.0%) | 6 (6.8%) | .20 |
| Osteomyelitis (remote) | 17 (10.5%) | 1 (1.1%) | .004 |
| Infective endocarditis | 12 (7.4%) | 1 (1.1%) | .04 |
| Cellulitis | 10 (6.2%) | 1 (1.1%) | .10 |
| Hepatitis C | 19 (11.7%) | 3 (3.4%) | .03 |
| Soft tissue/foreign body abscess/infection | 28 (17.3%) | 3 (3.4%) | .001 |
| Other Soft Tissue Coinfection | |||
| Noncontiguous Coinfection Categoryc | |||
| None | 75 (46.3%) | 74 (84.1%) | <.001 |
| 1 of above | 57 (35.2%) | 11 (12.5%) | |
| >1 | 30 (18.5%) | 3 (3.4%) | |
| Laboratory Values | |||
| International normalized ratio >1.1:1 | 57/124 (46.0%) | 19/64 (29.7%) | .04d |
| White blood cells >11 000 cells/L | 108/162 (66.7%) | 35/87 (40.2%) | <.001e |
| Neutrophils >76% | 102/161 (63.4%) | 38/75 (50.7%) | .09d |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate >50 mm/hr | 93/118 (78.8%) | 7/27 (25.9%) | <.001f |
| C-reactive protein >3 mg/L | 82/101 (81.2%) | 7/20 (35.0%) | <.001f |
| Serum creatinine >1.2 mg/dL | 58/162 (35.8%) | 14/87 (16.1%) | .001e |
| Lactate >2.2 mmol/L | 14/64 (21.9%) | 3/14 (21.4%) | 1.00d |
| Hemoglobin A1C >6.5% | 5/11 (45.5%) | 6/7 (85.7%) | .15f |
a Fisher's exact test. The null hypothesis for all tests is that means or proportions are equal in cases and controls.
b Includes asymptomatic/x-ray diagnosis.
c Excluding bacteremia.
d Small effect size (≤0.20).
e Medium effect size (>0.20 to ≤0.60).
f Large effect size (>0.6).