Figure 1. The biosynthesis, identification, and toxicity analysis of 4,4′-diaponeurosporene (Dia).
a. Structure of the carotenoid-producing plasmid pMK3-crtMN. Pcrtm, promoter of crtm; AmpR, ampicillin-resistance gene; ori, replication origin; KanR, kanamycin-resistance gene; repB, replicon. b. The pigment in Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) harboring pMK3-crtMN could be extracted with hexane and dissolved in hexane layer. c. HPLC analysis of the pigment produced by B. subtilis harboring pMK3-crtMN. Retention time of the main peak and absorption maximum of the main peak are indicated. The chemical structure of Dia is also shown (from reference 20).