Figure 1. Andrographolide suppresses cell proliferation and clonogenicity in T84 cells.

A. Cells were treated with andrographolide for 24, 48 and 72 h and cell viability was quantified by MTT assay. B. T84 cells were stained with FITC labeled anti-Ki67 antibodies and DAPI and evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. C. T84 cells were diluted and treated with andrographolide at IC₅₀. Growth was measured by direct counting of clonal clusters stained in multiwell plates with crystal violet at 24 and 48 h. Representative photomicrographs are shown. D. Fluorescence microscopy images showing the viability of T84 cells cultured in vitro with or without andrographolide (from top to bottom: phase contrast image, FDA staining, PI staining, composite of FDA and PI staining). (scale bar: 200 μm). Experiments were performed either two times (B and C) or three times (A and D). (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.)