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Upon TGF-β1 stimulation, pri-miR-135a-5p expression is able to induce through Smad2/3 or Smad1/4 which is processed into mature miR-135a-5p. Then mature miR-135a-5p represses KLF4 expression by binding to the 3′-UTR of KLF4. And the decrease of KLF4 may further inhibit the expression of VDR. TGF-β1, miR-135a-5p and KLF4 have an impact on the EMT signaling pathway.
