Figure 5.

Relative quantification comparisons of TNF-α (A) and NF-κB (B,C) mRNA expression in SKOV3 cells treated with C1q, ghA, ghB, and ghC. The transcriptional expressions of both TNF-α and NF-κB were upregulated (log₁₀ 0.5- to 1-fold) after 12 h treatment and NF-κB at 24 h was downregulated. Significance was ascertained using the unpaired one-way ANOVA test (*p < 0.05, *p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001) (n = 3).