Table 2.

Clinical, demographic and endoscopic prognostic predictors in ulcerative colitis [UC] and the associated impact on disease course.

Prognostic factor	Impact
Young age at diagnosis	More extensive disease [paediatric UC]80 Colectomy64 Proximal disease extension64 Acute severe UC68 Colorectal neoplasia85
Family history	Proximal disease extension [family history of IBD]64 Colorectal neoplasia [family history of CRC]103
Refractory proctitis [>3 relapses per year]	Proximal disease extension 66
Male sex	Colectomy78
Extensive colitis	Colectomy68 Acute severe UC68 Hospitalization 82 Colorectal neoplasia89
High histological inflammation score	Colorectal neoplasia101
Disease duration >10 years	Colorectal neoplasia85,121 Colectomy24
Steroid dependence/ resistance	Colectomy69 Hospitalization122
Smoking	Less need for hospitalization72 Proximal disease extension [protective]66 Protective from colectomy73
Concurrent infection [cytomegalovirus or Clostridium difficile]	Flare and hospitalization76,77
Primary sclerosing cholangitis	Colectomy84 Proximal disease extension65 Colorectal cancer71 Protective for hospitalization70