Figure 2. Imidazolium-tagged acridine derivatives affect TDP-43^2C aggregation.

(a) Aggregation trend of TDP-43^2C in presence of imidazolium-tagged acridine derivatives monitored by ThT fluorescence intensity. TDP-43^2C (400 μM) was added with 4 mM acridine derivatives (1:10, protein: compound, molar ratio) & 450 μM ThT in aggregation buffer with 2% DMSO final and incubated at 37 °C for 15 hours with intermittent agitation (15 seconds agitation every 5 minutes). A sample lacking any compound was incubated similarly for comparison. Error bars represent standard deviation (n = 3). Percentage inhibitions in ThT fluorescence by AIM1, AIM2, AIM3, AIM4 & AIM5 were found respectively to be 65%, 38%, 54%, 76% & 54%. (b) Effect of increasing concentration of AIM4 on TDP-43^2C aggregation monitored by ThT fluorescence. TDP-43^2C (400 μM) was incubated with increasing stoichiometry of AIM4 (1:1 to 1:15; protein: AIM4) along with 450 μM ThT in aggregation buffer with 2% DMSO final and aggregation was recorded by ThT fluorescence increase with intermittent agitation at 37 °C for 15 hours. A sample lacking AIM4 was incubated and analyzed similarly for comparison. Percentage inhibition in ThT fluorescence at different protein: compound stoichiometry were found to be 37% (at 1:1), 57% (at 1:5), 72% (at 1:10) and 86% (at 1:15).