Table 1. Baseline demographic, clinical, and angiographic characteristics by DPP4a quartiles.
| U/L | Total | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤21.53 | 21.54–27.14 | 27.15–32.92 | ≥32.96 | |||
| N | 747 | 187 | 187 | 186 | 187 | — |
| Age (y) | 57.84 ± 11.67 | 59.84 ± 11.50 | 58.18 ± 11.98 | 58.01 ± 12.01 | 55.35 ± 10.78 | <0.01 |
| Male, n (%) | 618 (82.7) | 154 (82.4) | 152 (81.3) | 158 (84.9) | 154 (82.4) | 0.81 |
| BMI | 25.79 ± 3.40 | 25.56 ± 3.19 | 25.76 ± 3.63 | 25.65 ± 3.22 | 26.17 ± 3.54 | 0.32 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 414 (55.4) | 115 (61.5) | 106 (56.7) | 97 (52.2) | 96 (51.3) | 0.17 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 83 (11.1) | 25 (13.4) | 17 (9.1) | 27 (14.6) | 14 (7.5) | 0.09 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 165 (22.1) | 30 (29.9) | 17 (20.3) | 27 (21.1) | 14 (17.1) | 0.02 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 339 (45.4) | 77 (48.4) | 73 (44.5) | 97 (58.4) | 92 (54.1) | 0.06 |
| Ex-smoker, n (%) | 88 (11.8) | 28 (25.5) | 23 (20.2) | 20 (22.5) | 17 (17.9) | 0.59 |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 107 (14.3) | 24 (12.8) | 21 (11.2) | 28 (15.1) | 34 (18.2) | 0.25 |
| Previous PCI, n (%) | 206 (27.6) | 53 (28.3) | 42 (22.5) | 62 (33.5) | 49 (26.2) | 0.11 |
| Previous CABG, n (%) | 7 (0.9) | 4 (2.1) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 0.17 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||||
| Aspirin | 742 (99.3) | 187 (100.0) | 185 (98.9) | 184 (98.9) | 186 (99.5) | 0.53 |
| ACEI/ARB | 685 (91.7) | 171 (91.4) | 173 (92.5) | 168 (90.3) | 173 (92.5) | 0.85 |
| β-blocker | 658 (88.1) | 166 (88.8) | 168 (89.8) | 161 (86.6) | 163 (87.2) | 0.75 |
| Clopidogrel | 728 (97.5) | 184 (98.4) | 185 (98.9) | 177 (95.2) | 182 (97.3) | 0.10 |
| Statin | 741 (99.2) | 187 (100.0) | 185 (98.9) | 184 (98.9) | 185 (98.9) | 0.57 |
| Nitrate | 670 (89.7) | 172 (92.0) | 170 (90.9) | 160 (86.0) | 168 (89.8) | 0.25 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 114 (15.3) | 33 (17.6) | 26 (13.9) | 28 (15.1) | 27 (14.4) | 0.76 |
| Infarcted location, n (%) | ||||||
| Anterior | 356 (47.7) | 89 (47.6) | 88 (47.1) | 96 (51.6) | 83 (44.4) | 0.57 |
| Inferior | 336 (50.0) | 87 (46.6) | 83 (44.4) | 80 (43.0) | 86 (46.0) | 0.90 |
| Posterior | 32 (4.3) | 5 (2.6) | 10 (5.3) | 7 (3.8) | 10 (5.3) | 0.51 |
| Lateral | 23 (3.1) | 6 (3.2) | 6 (3.2) | 3 (1.6) | 8 (4.3) | 0.52 |
| Number of disease vessels, n (%) | ||||||
| Single vessel disease | 185 (24.8) | 42 (22.5) | 51 (27.3) | 53 (28.5) | 39 (20.9) | 0.25 |
| Double vessel disease | 147 (19.7) | 34 (18.2) | 30 (16.0) | 38 (20.4) | 45 (24.1) | 0.24 |
| Triple vessel disease | 415 (55.6) | 111 (59.3) | 106 (56.7) | 95 (51.1) | 103 (55.0) | 0.44 |
| Pre TIMI grade flow, n (%) | ||||||
| 0 | 457 (61.2) | 112 (59.8) | 114 (60.9) | 112 (60.1) | 117 (62.6) | 0.95 |
| 1 | 147 (19.7) | 42 (22.5) | 36 (19.3) | 31 (16.7) | 38 (20.3) | 0.56 |
| 2 | 96 (12.9) | 20 (10.7) | 26 (13.9) | 28 (15.1) | 22 (11.8) | 0.58 |
| 3 | 49 (6.6) | 13 (7) | 11 (5.9) | 15 (8.1) | 10 (5.3) | 0.72 |
| Final TIMI grade flow, n (%) | ||||||
| 0 | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 0.57 |
| 1 | 11 (1.5) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (1.1) | 3 (1.6) | 5 (2.7) | 0.36 |
| 2 | 40 (5.4) | 7 (3.7) | 9 (4.8) | 10 (5.4) | 14 (7.5) | 0.43 |
| 3 | 694 (92.9) | 179 (95.8) | 176 (94.1) | 172 (92.5) | 167 (89.3) | 0.09 |
| Myocardial blush grade, n (%) | ||||||
| 0/1 | 45 (6.0) | 6(3.2) | 10(5.3) | 12(6.5) | 17(9.1) | 0.12 |
| 2 | 55 (7.4) | 9(4.8) | 12(6.4) | 15(8.1) | 19(10.2) | 0.11 |
| 3 | 647 (86.6) | 172(92.0) | 165(88.3) | 159(85.4) | 151(80.7) | 0.01 |
| No reflow phenomenon, n (%) | 45 (6.0) | 6 (3.2) | 10 (5.3) | 12 (6.5) | 17 (9.1) | 0.12 |
| Malignant reperfusion arrhythmia, | 37 (5.0) | 10 (5.3) | 9 (4.6) | 7 (3.7) | 11 (5.9) | 0.81 |
| No. of stent per patients | 1.88 ± 1.12 | 1.50 ± 0.81 | 1.91 ± 1.22 | 1.73 ± 1.01 | 2.36 ± 1.29 | 0.30 |
| Maximal inflation pressure (atm) | 14.28 ± 2.78 | 14.40 ± 2.27 | 14.73 ± 3.93 | 13.82 ± 1.89 | 14.18 ± 2.89 | 0.82 |
| Percent diameter stenosis (%) | 97.2 ± 3.6 | 98.1 ± 3.5 | 94.9 ± 4.4 | 97.6 ± 3.4 | 98.0 ± 3.3 | 0.81 |
| Post percent diameter stenosis (%) | 2 ± 1 | 2 ± 1 | 2 ± 2 | 2 ± 1 | 2 ± 1 | 0.93 |
| Stent diameter (mm) | 3.17 ± 0.41 | 3.23 ± 0.30 | 3.25 ± 0.43 | 3.30 ± 0.49 | 2.93 ± 0.34 | 0.14 |
| Total stent length (mm) | 50.92 ± 36.09 | 39.30 ± 18.41 | 55.27 ± 42.87 | 43.18 ± 30.82 | 65.91 ± 43.69 | 0.36 |
| Thrombus aspiration, n (%) | 120 (16.1) | 30 (16.0) | 26 (13.9) | 36 (19.4) | 28 (15.0) | 0.51 |
| IABP, n (%) | 39 (5.2) | 9 (4.8) | 8 (4.3) | 12 (6.5) | 10 (5.3) | 0.81 |
| CTO, n (%) | 19 (2.5) | 4 (2.1) | 7 (3.7) | 3 (1.6) | 5 (2.7) | 0.60 |
| iMACCE, n (%) | 5 (0.7) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 0.88 |
| IHC, n (%) | 91 (12.2) | 26 (13.9) | 20 (10.7) | 23 (12.4) | 22 (11.8) | 0.82 |
| Major bleeding, n (%) | 16 (2.1) | 7 (3.7) | 4 (2.1) | 5 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 0.08 |
ACEI, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blckers; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CTO, chronic total occlusion; DPP4a, plasma dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity; MI, myocardial infarction; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pumping; IHC, in-hospital complications; iMACCE, in-hospital major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; TIMI, Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction.