Table 1. HCV–induced liver inflammation and fibrosis is associated with M2 macrophage activation in the liver in the AFC8 humanized mouse model.

ID	Model	Inoculum	Time Post Inoculation	Liver Viral Loada	Liver Diseaseb	Liver M2 MØ
1	Non-hu-mice	Mock (PBS)	11.4 Weeks	ND	F0	—
117	HSC-Hep hu-mice	Mock (Human Sera)	6.8 Weeks	ND	F0	—
88*4	HSC-Hep hu-mice	Mock (Human Sera)	13.8 Weeks	ND	F0	—
99*4	HSC-Hep hu-mice	Mock (Human Sera)	13.8 Weeks	ND	F0	—
4	Non-hu-mice	HCV GT1 #1 (9E5 copies/mL)	15.7 Weeks	ND	F0	—
110	Adult Hep hu-mice	HCV GT1 #1 (9E5 copies/mL)	15.7 Weeks	0.18E5 copies/ug RNA	F0	—
108	HSC-Hep hu-mice	HCV GT1 #1 (9E5 copies/mL)	4.6 Weeks	1.64E5 copies/ug RNA	F3	+++
109	HSC-Hep hu-mice	HCV GT1 #1 (9E5 copies/mL)	11.4 Weeks	0.14E5 copies/ug RNA	F3	+++
90*4	HSC-Hep hu-mice	HCV GT1 #2 (5E5 copies/mL)	4.8 Weeks	3.23E5 copies/ug RNA	F3	+++
91*4	HSC-Hep hu-mice	HCV GT1 #2 (5E5 copies/mL)	8.1 Weeks	1.68E5 copies/ug RNA	F2	++
92*4	HSC-Hep hu-mice	HCV GT1 #2 (5E5 copies/mL)	13.8 Weeks	ND	F4	+++

Notes: ID = Identification; HSC-Hep hu-mice = AFC8-hu HSC/Hep mouse; Adult Hep hu-mice = AFC8-hu Adult hepatocytes mouse; Non-hu mice = Non transplanted AFC8 mouse; Inoculum=Mock (PBS or Sera from healthy control humans), HCV#1 (HCV positive serum from patient #1), HCV#2 (HCV positive serum from patient #2), ^aChronic HCV = Persistent HCV infection markers (HCV RNA) detected in animal as reported in Washburn et al.⁵; ^bLiver disease = METAVIR score (Liver fibrosis stage and necroinflammatory activity) as reported in Washburn et al. no liver disease (F0), mild liver fibrosis (1), moderate liver fibrosis (2), severe liver fibrosis (>3); Liver M2 MØ = Relative M2-like (hCD163+) macrophage levels, no M2 macrophages (−), low M2 macrophage level (+), intermediate M2 macrophage level (++), high M2 macrophage level (+++).