Table 1.
Toxins purified from SpV to date
| Molecule Function | Toxin Name | Chemical Aspects | Functional Characteristics | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protease | Sp-GP | ≈72 kDa N-terminally blocked |
Gelatinolytic activity | [20] |
| Cytolysin | Sp-CTx | Glycoprotein Dimeric constitution (subunits ≈ 65 kDa) |
Hemolytic activity — cell membrane pore formation Cardiovascular biphasic response in vivo — initial systolic and diastolic pressure increase followed by decrease Positive inotropic effect on cardiac muscle Increase of Ca2+ current on isolated cardiomyocytes Vasoconstriction — coronary bed Vasodilation — aortic ring |
[24] [25] [26] |
| B-type lectin | Plumeribetin | Homotetramer (monomer — 13.157 kDa) N-terminally blocked High content of anti-parallel strands |
Integrin inhibitory activity Attenuation of cell-collagen contacts and cell spreading |
[27] |
| C-Type lectin | Sp-LC 1 2 3 4 5 |
16.981 kDa 16.982 kDa 16.975 kDa 16.841 kDa 16.842 kDa |
Hemagglutinating activity Recognizes the sugar motif (Gal-β(1 → 4)GlcNAc) |
[28] |