TABLE 4.

Subset analysis of cytokine results based on criterion for enrollment as severe malaria

Severe-malaria Criteriaa	No. of patients (n = 248)	Cytokine level (geometric mean pg/ml)c
		IL-1β	IL-6	IL-8	IL-10	IL-12(p70)	TNF-α
Cerebral	100	17.6	754.5	109.5	1,405.6	66.1	10.5
Noncerebral	130b	14.4	311.4	102	868.8	43.6	9.5
P		NSc	<0.001	NS	0.006	NS	NS
Severe anemia	17b	14.7	199.2	84.7	391.1	26.7	9.7
Hemoglobin at >5 g/dl	213	17.2	487.6	106.2	1,160.9	55.2	9.9
P		NS	0.03	NS	0.002	NS	NS
Cerebral/anemia	18	18.8	797.5	116.2	1,430.8	55.6	10.9
Neither	213	14.4	311.4	102	868.8	43.6	9.5
P		NS	<0.001	NS	0.003	NS	NS
Hyperparasitemia	92	15.4	336.6	116.9	1,007.3	50.8	9.7
<500,000/mm3	156	16.1	602.1	103.8	1,157.5	47.8	10.4
P		NS	0.002	NS	NS	NS	NS

^aSignificance levels were calculated by Mann-Whitney rank sum analysis.

^bPatients with concomitant cerebral malaria and severe anemia were eliminated from analysis.

^cNS, not significant.