Table 1.

Imaging impacts on advanced prostate cancer management

Impact statements	References
Imaging defines clinical groups for drug and biomarker development and clinical states for therapy recommendations	Scher et al. [8]; Cookson et al. [25]
The anatomic location of metastases in CRPC is highly prognostic, adding to prognostic models predicting overall survival to docetaxel treatment	Halabi et al. [6], [26]
The presence of visceral disease and/or large volume nodal metastases precludes use of radium-223	Parker et al. [27]
Therapeutic benefits using androgen axis directed treatments in asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic, chemotherapy naïve, metastatic prostate cancer patients are often greater for those with better performance status and lower disease volume on bone and CT scans	de Bono et al. [28]; Beer et al. [29]; James et al. [30]; Ryan et al. [31]; Evans et al. [7]
High volume disease patients on imaging have worse survival than lower volume disease patients (no matter which imaging test is used to make the determination)	Dennis et al. [32]; Sweeney et al. [33]; Ceci et al. [34]; Tait et al. [35]; Sabbatini et al. [36]; Perez-Lopez et al. [37]; Evans et al. [7]
The presence of high volume and visceral disease on imaging is an indication for intensified combination therapy, including chemotherapy in fit patients	Sweeney et al. [33]; Aparicio et al. [38]; James et al. [30]
Shorter imaging durations of response to abiraterone and docetaxel treatments using bone scans and the more objective size based RECIST criteria for soft tissue disease, are associated with worse overall survival	Morris et al. [39]; Sonpavde et al. [40]

CRPC = castration resistant prostate cancer; CT = computed tomography; RECIST = Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours.