Table 1.
Analysis of grain fractions from laboratory scale alcohol production (wheat cultivars Claire, Istabraq, Viscount and Warrior grown in 2012 and 2013) and a commercial distillery and biofuel plant.
| Fraction | Cultivar | Year | Total-AX [mg g−1 DW] | Water-extractable AX [mg g−1 DW] | AX solubility [%] | Dynamic viscosity [mPa s−1] | Potential spirit yield [LA tonne−1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wholemeal (WM) | Claire | 2012 | 32.27 | 6.02 | 18.7 | 1.256 | 444 |
| 2013 | 32.45 | 6.44 | 19.8 | 1.420 | 417 | ||
| Istabraq | 2012 | 36.87 | 6.33 | 17.2 | 1.291 | 437 | |
| 2013 | 25.66 | 5.66 | 22.1 | 1.378 | 436 | ||
| Viscount | 2012 | 30.09 | 6.42 | 21.4 | 1.341 | 449 | |
| 2013 | 25.15 | 5.89 | 23.4 | 1.306 | 449 | ||
| Warrior | 2012 | 28.71 | 6.35 | 22.1 | 1.598 | 419 | |
| 2013 | 26.62 | 6.96 | 26.1 | 1.535 | 420 | ||
| Distillery | 2012 | 19.19 | 4.37 | 22.8 | 1.401 | – | |
| Thin stillage (TS) | Claire | 2012 | 64.10 | 64.10 | 100 | 1.290 | – |
| 2013 | 63.15 | 63.15 | 100 | 1.380 | – | ||
| Istabraq | 2012 | 62.85 | 62.85 | 100 | 1.310 | – | |
| 2013 | 57.13 | 57.13 | 100 | 1.330 | – | ||
| Viscount | 2012 | 67.24 | 67.24 | 100 | 1.290 | – | |
| 2013 | 48.96 | 48.96 | 100 | 1.340 | – | ||
| Warrior | 2012 | 72.38 | 72.38 | 100 | 1.330 | – | |
| 2013 | 42.31 | 42.31 | 100 | 1.420 | – | ||
| Distillery | 2012 | 58.61 | 58.61 | 100 | 1.323 | – | |
| Wet distillers grains (WDG) | Claire | 2012 | 55.16 | 15.25 | 27.6 | 0.853 | – |
| 2013 | 100.38 | 15.35 | 15.3 | 0.986 | – | ||
| Istabraq | 2012 | 61.64 | 13.26 | 21.5 | 0.854 | – | |
| 2013 | 98.44 | 9.36 | 9.5 | 0.894 | – | ||
| Viscount | 2012 | 68.82 | 22.35 | 32.5 | 0.856 | – | |
| 2013 | 93.45 | 20.45 | 21.9 | 1.037 | – | ||
| Warrior | 2012 | 75.77 | 24.24 | 32.0 | 0.857 | – | |
| 2013 | 110.14 | 12.18 | 11.1 | 0.868 | – | ||
| Distillery | 2012 | 75.88 | 7.82 | 10.3 | 0.861 | – | |
| Distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) | Claire | 2012 | 91.43 | 20.57 | 22.5 | 1.151 | – |
| 2013 | 68.67 | 21.10 | 30.7 | 1.195 | – | ||
| Istabraq | 2012 | 66.02 | 20.35 | 30.8 | 1.200 | – | |
| 2013 | 71.52 | 19.40 | 27.1 | 1.134 | – | ||
| Viscount | 2012 | 72.82 | 24.11 | 33.1 | 1.343 | – | |
| 2013 | 64.73 | 21.13 | 32.6 | 1.207 | – | ||
| Warrior | 2012 | 62.67 | 22.80 | 36.4 | 1.289 | – | |
| 2013 | 75.24 | 21.80 | 29.0 | 1.205 | – | ||
| Distillery | 2012 | 85.78 | 48.07 | 56.0 | 2.316 | – | |
| Biofuel | 2012 | 90.22 | 34.50 | 38.2 | 2.304 | – | |
The wholemeal samples are the raw material which for the distillery comprised 95% wheat and 5% barley (cultivars not known). Only DDGS was available from the biofuel plant. Arabinoxylan (AX) solubility is expressed as a percentage of WE-AX. The potential alcohol yield from the laboratory scale samples is also given. It is notable that the alcohol yield for Warrior was lower than for the other cultivars grown 2012, but similar to that of Claire (both being low) in the samples grown in 2013.