Table 3. Parameter estimates showing the effects of inbreeding, maternal inbreeding, population density and the interaction between inbreeding and population density.
Trait | Sample sizea | Parameter |
Main effects only |
ID × E interaction fitted |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate | P | Estimate | P | |||
Birth weight | 2810 | Inbreeding | −0.13 (0.234) | 0.579 | −1.666 (0.887) | 0.597 |
697 | Maternal inbreeding | −0.865 (0.419) | 0.04 | 1.469 (1.24) | 0.037 | |
Density | −0.001 (0) | <0.001 | −0.001 (0) | <0.001 | ||
Density:inbreeding | 0.003 (0.002) | 0.071 | ||||
Density:maternal inbreeding | −0.005 (0.002) | 0.045 | ||||
4-Month hindleg | 1665 | Inbreeding | −14.616 (6.39) | 0.022 | −15.922 (24.861) | 0.025 |
582 | Maternal inbreeding | −13.988 (9.411) | 0.138 | 42.509 (31.402) | 0.136 | |
Density | −0.032 (0.003) | <0.001 | −0.033 (0.003) | <0.001 | ||
Density:inbreeding | 0.003 (0.051) | 0.947 | ||||
Density:maternal inbreeding | −0.122 (0.064) | 0.059 | ||||
4-Month weight | 1661 | Inbreeding | −3.881 (1.453) | 0.008 | −6.794 (5.666) | 0.009 |
582 | Maternal inbreeding | −4.541 (2.339) | 0.053 | 7.994 (7.299) | 0.05 | |
Density | −0.008 (0.001) | <0.001 | −0.009 (0.001) | <0.001 | ||
Density:inbreeding | 0.006 (0.012) | 0.586 | ||||
Density:maternal inbreeding | −0.027 (0.015) | 0.069 | ||||
Female first winter survival | 1219 | Inbreeding | −6.535 (−13.138, 0.717) | 0.066 | 24.112 (−7.898, 60.656) | 0.153 |
531 | Maternal inbreeding | 2.385 (−6.207, 11.396) | 0.595 | −9.781 (−50.485, 30.445) | 0.626 | |
Density | −0.0142 (−0.0208, −0.0075) | <0.001 | −0.0144 (−0.0214, −0.008) | <0.001 | ||
Density:inbreeding | −0.064 (−0.136, 0.003) | 0.06 | ||||
Density:maternal inbreeding | 0.024 (−0.053, 0.103) | 0.549 | ||||
Adult female annual survival | 640 (3229) | Inbreeding | −11.284 (−17.221, −5.071) | <0.001 | 27.889 (−6.84, 63.545) | 0.115 |
371 | Maternal inbreeding | −2.363 (−10.13, 4.628) | 0.515 | −1.904 (−9.046, 5.685) | 0.609 | |
Density | −0.0088 (−0.0142, −0.004) | 0.002 | −0.0092 (−0.0148, −0.0041) | 0.002 | ||
Density:inbreeding | −0.068 (−0.131, −0.009) | 0.02 | ||||
Female annual breeding success | 640 (3229) | Inbreeding | −1.915 (−3.573, −0.221) | 0.025 | −3.191 (−10.274, 4.56) | 0.396 |
371 | Maternal inbreeding | −1.002 (−2.826, 0.689) | 0.261 | −0.987 (−2.763, 0.779) | 0.279 | |
Density | −5e−04 (−0.001, 1e−04) | 0.074 | −5e−04 (−0.001, 1e−04) | 0.098 | ||
Density:inbreeding | 0.003 (−0.012, 0.017) | 0.73 | ||||
Male first winter survival | 1035 | Inbreeding | −11.37 (−18.878, −2.655) | 0.008 | −26.53 (−68.359, 18.52) | 0.24 |
507 | Maternal inbreeding | −7.681 (−17.709, 1.954) | 0.121 | 21.771 (−24.959, 67.008) | 0.369 | |
Density | −0.0211 (−0.0325, −0.0113) | <0.001 | −0.0217 (−0.0325, −0.0105) | <0.001 | ||
Density:inbreeding | 0.03 (−0.054, 0.112) | 0.492 | ||||
Density:maternal inbreeding | −0.06 (−0.158, 0.028) | 0.202 | ||||
Adult male annual survival | 446 (1251) | Inbreeding | −11.088 (−19.592, −2.965) | 0.01 | −8.427 (−59.569, 41.515) | 0.748 |
295 | Maternal inbreeding | 4.223 (−5.628, 13.636) | 0.398 | 4.198 (−5.607, 14.134) | 0.389 | |
Density | −0.0138 (−0.0236, −0.0046)) | 0.003 | −0.0139 (−0.0232, −0.0045) | 0.001 | ||
Density:inbreeding | −0.005 (−0.089, 0.084) | 0.924 | ||||
Male annual breeding success | 446 (1251) | Inbreeding | −8.753 (−14.812, −2.725) | 0.003 | −10.635 (−29.217, 5.978) | 0.23 |
295 | Maternal inbreeding | 2.752 (−4.501, 9.211) | 0.424 | 2.765 (−4.313, 9.555) | 0.427 | |
Density | −0.0024 (−0.0042, −5e−04) | 0.014 | −0.0024 (−0.0043, −6e−04) | 0.015 | ||
Density:inbreeding | 0.004 (−0.031, 0.036) | 0.839 |
Abbreviation: ID × E, inbreeding depression by environment interaction.
Density is for 1 October before birth for the juvenile body size traits and for 1 October before winter and parturition for the fitness components. Parameter estimates show s.e. for juvenile body size traits and 95% credibility intervals for fitness components. Note that slope estimates for density are for each additional sheep in the population which varied between 211 and 672 across the study years. Statistically significant P values are shown in bold.
Numbers give the number of unique individuals and the number of observations is shown in parentheses.