3M-052-AF and Alum synergize to augment innate responses upon immunization. Wildtype C57BL/6 mice were immunized intramuscularly with 3M-052-AF (1 μg), Alhydrogel®, AdjuPhos®, 3M-052-AF-Alhydrogel®, or 3M-052-AF-AdjuPhos®. 18 h later the draining inguinal lymph nodes were harvested and analyzed for (A) influx of CD11b + Ly6C + inflammatory monocytes, (B) expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 on B cells, inflammatory monocytes or DCs (C) expression of CD69 on lymphocytes, and (D) expression of IFN-γ or IL-1b by NK cells and neutrophils, respectively. N = 5 mice/group. Data are representative of two experiments with similar results with 5 animals per group. Bars indicate mean + s.e.m. *p < 0.05 vs. none, #p < 0.05 vs. 3M-052-AF, †p < 0.05 vs. corresponding Alum (Alhydrogel® or AdjuPhos®), ‡p < 0.05 vs. 3M-052-AF-AdjuPhos®.