Fig 3. Left choices by social learners in the four transparent treatments from experiment 1.

The points show the rate at which social learners chose left as a function of the number of demonstrators choosing left in the final trials of blocks. The number of observations is vertically aligned with each point. Panels A and C show the discordant treatments, while panels B and D show the concordant treatments. Panels A and B show the within-subjects treatments, while panels C and D show the between-subjects treatments. Error bars are 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals clustered on social learner. Clustering accounts for correlations due to multiple observations per social learner [48], and bootstrapping ensures that confidence intervals remain in [0, 1]. The gray region of the space is consistent with conformist cultural transmission [1, 11]. The diagonal in black is consistent with unbiased social learning, which does not generate cultural evolution, and dashed lines provide additional points of reference at 0, 0.5, and 1.