Table 2.

Rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) for excess winter death, all causes: women relative to men^*

Adjustment	Rate ratio (95% CI)
Brief questionnaire
Unadjusted	1.09 (0.99 to 1.19)
Region, age	1.08 (0.99 to 1.19)
Above plus takes >5 medications, SOB, SOA	1.08 (0.98 to 1.18)
Above plus lives alone, Carstairs deprivation group	1.11 (1.01 to 1.23)
Above plus difficulty making ends meet, difficulty keeping house warm	1.11 (1.00 to 1.23)
Detailed questionnaire
Region, age, takes >5 medications, SOB, SOA, lives alone, Carstairs deprivation group, difficulty making ends meet, difficulty keeping house warm	1.11 (0.96 to 1.28)
Above plus pre-existing respiratory illness, heart attack, angina, or stroke	1.12 (0.98 to 1.29)

SOB=shortness of breath when sitting or talking; SOA=swelling of ankles.

^*To avoid variation in numbers between rows, analyses were restricted to participants with complete information on all analysed brief questionnaire variables (n=25 907) or on all analysed detailed questionnaire variables (n=12 781). This leads to some difference in results adjusted for age and region compared with those in table 1.