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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Jan;129(1):174–184. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001775

Table 2.

Risk for Congenital Malformations after Exposure to ACE inhibitors During the First Trimester of Pregnancy. The Medicaid Analytic Extract, 2000 to 2010

Full cohort Hypertension restricted cohort
Risk, N (%) Relative
risk (95%
confidenc
e
intervals) 		Risk, N (%) Relative risk (95% confidence
intervals)
Congenital
malformation
s		 Exposed
(n=4,10
7)		 Unexposed
(n=1,329,51
7)		 Unadjuste
d		 Exposed
(n=2,63
1)		 Unexpose
d
(n=15,884
)		 Unadjuste
d		 Diabete
s
adjuste
d		 Propensit
y score
adjusted
Overall 244 (5.94) 43,323 (3.26) 1.82 (1.61–2.06) 142 (5.40) 634 (3.99) 1.35 (1.13–1.61) 0.97 (0.79–1.19) 0.89 (0.75–1.06)
Cardiovascular 139 (3.38) 15,272 (1.15) 2.95 (2.50–3.47) 77 (2.93) 260 (1.64) 1.79 (1.39–2.30) 1.08 (0.81–1.44) 0.95 (0.75–1.21)
Central nervous system 11 (0.27) 2,433 (0.18) 1.46 (0.81–2.64) * 45 (0.28) 1.07 (0.51–2.27) 0.68 (0.30–1.54) 0.54 (0.26–1.11)
*

Cell size <11 which cannot be disclosed in accordance with the data use agreement. ACE=Angiotensin converting enzyme