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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int Psychogeriatr. 2016 Oct 11;29(1):137–148. doi: 10.1017/S1041610216001551

Table 4.

Cohort and Practice Effects on Memory (Linear Mixed Models) (n=3613) 4A: Immediate Recall; 4B: Delayed Recall

4A. AGE ASSOCIATED TRAJECTORIES OF CERAD WORD LIST IMMEDIATE RECALL SCORES
Model 1 Model 2
Coefficient p-value Coefficient p-value
(Intercept) 15.55 <.0001 14.71 <.0001
Birth Cohorts (vs. Cohort 1902–1911)
Cohort 1912–1921 0.41 0.31 0.29 0.46
Cohort 1922–1931 2.00 0.00 1.62 0.00
Cohort 1932–1943 6.10 <.0001 5.52 <.0001
Demographics and Interactions
Age (time variable, centered at age 80) −0.43 <.0001 −0.41 <.0001
Gender: female (vs. male) 1.73 <.0001 1.76 <.0001
Education: high school (vs. < high school) n/a n/a 1.56 <.0001
Education : > high school (vs. < high school) n/a n/a 2.51 <.0001
Age X High school Interaction n/a n/a 0.05 0.03
Age X >High school Interaction n/a n/a 0.03 0.13
Study Indicator : MYHAT (vs. MoVIES) * −0.81 0.48 −1.34 0.00
MYHAT X Age Interaction 0.17 <0.0001 0.06 <0.0001
Age x Birth Cohort Interactions (vs. Age X Cohort 1902–1911)
Age X Cohort 1912–1921 0.15 0.04 0.13 0.06
Age X Cohort 1922–1931 0.29 <.0001 0.27 0.00
Age X Cohort 1932–1943 0.41 <.0001 0.37 <0.0001
Number of Assessments X Cohort Interactions (practice effects)
2nd Assessment X Cohort 1902–1911 0.86 0.00 0.77 0.00
2nd Assessment X Cohort 1912–1921 0.39 0.00 0.32 0.02
2nd Assessment X Cohort 1922–1931 0.71 0.00 0.66 0.00
2nd Assessment X Cohort 1932–1943 0.81 0.00 0.77 0.00
3rd Assessment X Cohort 1902–1911 1.16 0.00 1.00 0.00
3rd Assessment X Cohort 1912–1921 1.19 <.0001 1.07 <.0001
3rd Assessment X Cohort 1922–1931 1.51 <.0001 1.40 <.0001
3rd Assessment X Cohort 1932–1943 1.80 <.0001 1.70 <.0001
4th Assessment X Cohort 1902–1911 1.28 0.02 1.04 0.05
4th Assessment X Cohort 1912–1921 1.63 <.0001 1.45 <.0001
4th Assessment X Cohort 1922–1931 1.81 <.0001 1.65 <.0001
4th Assessment X Cohort 1932–1943 2.23 <.0001 2.09 <.0001
5th Assessment X Cohort 1902–1911 0.59 0.41 0.28 0.69
5th Assessment X Cohort 1912–1921 1.91 <.0001 1.67 <.0001
5th Assessment X Cohort 1922–1931 2.04 <.0001 1.82 <.0001
5th Assessment X Cohort 1932–1943 2.90 <.0001 2.70 <.0001
6th Assessment X Cohort 1902–1911 0.59 0.52 −0.04 0.96
6th Assessment X Cohort 1912–1921 1.73 <.0001 1.42 0.00
6th Assessment X Cohort 1922–1931 1.73 0.00 1.45 0.00
6th Assessment X Cohort 1932–1943 2.34 <.0001 2.09 <.0001
7th Assessment X Cohort 1902–1911* 0 N/A 0 N/A
7th Assessment X Cohort 1912–1921 −1.76 0.00 −1.78 0.00
7th Assessment X Cohort 1922–1931 −0.63 0.00 −0.66 0.00
7th Assessment X Cohort 1932–1943 0.09 0.69 0.07 0.73
4B. AGE ASSOCIATED TRAJECTORIES OF CERAD WORD LIST DELAYED RECALL SCORES
(Intercept, treated as random effect) 4.44 <.0001 4.07 <.0001
Birth Cohorts
Cohort 1912–1921 −0.01 0.96 −0.06 0.77
Cohort 1922–1931 0.44 0.12 0.27 0.33
Cohort 1932–1943 2.36 <.0001 2.11 <.0001
Demographics and Interactions
Age (centered at age 80, treated as random effect) −0.20 <.0001 −0.19 <.0001
Gender: female (vs. male) 0.74 <.0001 0.75 <.0001
Education : high school) (vs. < high school) n/a n/a 0.64 <.0001
Education: > high school (vs. < high school) n/a n/a 1.14 <.0001
Age X High School interaction n/a n/a 0.02 0.04
Age X > High School interaction n/a n/a 0.02 0.04
Study Indicator :MYHAT (vs. MoVIES)* −1.79 <.0001 −2.02 <.0001
MYHAT X Age interaction 0.10 <.0001 0.09 <.0001
Age X Birth Cohort Interactions
Age X Cohort 1912–1921 0.03 0.47 0.02 0.62
Age X Cohort 1922–1931 0.09 0.02 0.07 0.04
Age X Cohort 1932–1943 0.16 <.0001 0.15 0.00
Number of Assessments X Birth Cohort Interactions (practice effects)
2nd Assessment X Cohort 1902–1911 0.46 0.00 0.42 0.00
2nd Assessment X Cohort 1912–1921 0.43 <.0001 0.40 <.0001
2nd Assessment X Cohort 1922–1931 0.52 <.0001 0.49 <.0001
2nd Assessment X Cohort 1932–1943 0.61 <.0001 0.59 <.0001
3rd Assessment X Cohort 1902–1911 0.63 0.00 0.56 0.00
3rd Assessment X Cohort 1912–1921 0.76 <.0001 0.70 <.0001
3rd Assessment X Cohort 1922–1931 0.92 <.0001 0.88 <.0001
3rd Assessment X Cohort 1932–1943 1.19 <.0001 1.15 <.0001
4th Assessment X Cohort 1902–1911 0.57 0.04 0.46 0.09
4th Assessment X Cohort 1912–1921 0.93 <.0001 0.85 <.0001
4th Assessment X Cohort 1922–1931 1.12 <.0001 1.05 <.0001
4th Assessment X Cohort 1932–1943 1.34 <.0001 1.28 <.0001
5th Assessment X Cohort 1902–1911 0.34 0.36 0.20 0.59
5th Assessment X Cohort 1912–1921 1.11 <.0001 1.01 <.0001
5th Assessment X Cohort 1922–1931 1.23 <.0001 1.14 <.0001
5th Assessment X Cohort 1932–1943 1.65 <.0001 1.57 <.0001
6th Assessment X Cohort 1902–1911 −0.02 0.97 −0.19 0.69
6th Assessment X Cohort 1912–1921 1.04 <.0001 0.91 <.0001
6th Assessment X Cohort 1922–1931 1.17 <.0001 1.06 <.0001
6th Assessment X Cohort 1932–1943 1.69 <.0001 1.58 <.0001
7th Assessment X Cohort 1902–1911 0 N/A* 0 N/A*
7th Assessment X Cohort 1912–1921 −0.01 0.96 −0.02 0.92
7th Assessment X Cohort 1922–1931 −0.01 0.94 −0.02 0.83
7th Assessment X Cohort 1932–1943 0.45 <.0001 0.44 <.0001

*MYHAT: Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team; MoVIES: Monongahela Valley Independent Elders Survey.

Interactions of MYHAT and 2nd, 3rd, …up to 7th assessment were also controlled in the models (not shown) to factor in the different assessment schedules (annual vs. biennial) in the two studies.

*

no subject had 7 or more assessments in this birth cohort