Table II.
PK changes relative to
non-critically ill children or adults |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drugs | Sample size | Age (range) | Clearance | Volume of Distribution | References |
Analgesics | |||||
Fentanyl | 7 | 27–39 weeks GA | ↔* | ↑ | [158] |
Anticonvulsants | |||||
Lorazepam | 10 | 37–41 weeks GA | ↓ | ↓ | [168,169] |
Gastric acid suppressants | |||||
Ranitidine | 9–27a | 1 day–17.1 yearsa | ↔* | ↔* | [170–174] |
Omeprazole | 13–40a | 1month–19 yearsa | ↔* | ↔* | [175–177] |
Sedatives | |||||
Midazolam | 39–83a | 1 month–17 yearsa | ↓ | ↔ | [179,183] |
Propofol | 28 | 0.1–182 months | ↔ | ↔ | [184] |
21 | 1 week–12 years | ↓ | ↑ | [188] | |
Vasopressors | |||||
Dobutamine | 11–47a | 0.1–17 years | ↔* | ↑ | [191–193,197,198] |
Dopamine | 14, 11a | 27–42 weeksa GA | ↑ | ↔ | [200,201] |
Epinephrine | 6–39a | 0.1–16 yearsa | ↓ | ↔ | [203,204] |
Norepinephrine | 38 | 0–182 months | ↔ | ↔ | [205] |
Abbreviations: NA, not available; ↑, increased compared to weight-normalized parameters in non-critically ill children or adults; ↓, decreased compared to weight-normalized parameters in non-critically children or adults; ↔, no change compared to weight-normalized parameters in non-critically children or adults
range across multiple studies
Highly variable parameter within the population
Age is expressed as postnatal age unless otherwise stated and GA is the gestational age expressed in weeks