Table 1.
Determinant | 1993
|
2014
|
Rate ratio 2014 vs 1993 | 95% confidence interval | P value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deaths | Live births | MMR/Proportion† | Deaths | Live births | MMR/Proportion† | ||||
Maternal deaths not including late maternal deaths* | |||||||||
Age <25 years | 84 | 1,551,774 | 5.41 | 125 | 1,134,414 | 11.0 | 2.04 | 1.54–2.68 | <0.001 |
25–34 | 136 | 2,030,013 | 6.70 | 295 | 2,226,450 | 13.2 | 1.98 | 1.61–2.42 | <0.001 |
35–44 | 82 | 416,124 | 19.7 | 264 | 618,769 | 42.7 | 2.17 | 1.69–2.77 | <0.001 |
≥45 | 0 | 2,329 | 0.00 | 171 | 8,443 | 2025.3 | - | - | 0.001 |
Race: White | 152 | 3,149,833 | 4.83 | 520 | 3,019,863 | 17.2 | 3.57 | 2.98–4.28 | <0.001 |
African American | 135 | 658,875 | 20.5 | 291 | 640,562 | 45.4 | 2.21 | 1.81–2.72 | <0.001 |
Other | 15 | 191,532 | 7.83 | 45 | 327,651 | 13.7 | 1.75 | 0.98–3.15 | 0.06 |
Place of death: Inpatient | 202 | - | 66.9 | 530 | - | 61.9 | 0.93 | 0.84–1.02 | 0.15 |
Outpatient/ER | 55 | - | 18.2 | 140 | - | 16.4 | 0.90 | 0.68–1.19 | 0.48 |
Home | 30 | - | 9.93 | 128 | - | 15.0 | 1.51 | 1.03–2.19 | 0.03 |
Hospice | 0 | - | 0.00 | 24 | - | 2.8 | - | - | 0.05 |
Other | 14 | - | 4.64 | 34 | - | 4.0 | 0.86 | 0.47–1.57 | 0.24 |
| |||||||||
Total | 302 | 4,000,240 | 7.55 | 856 | 3,988,076 | 21.5 | 2.84 | 2.49–3.24 | <0.001 |
Late maternal deaths identified by ICD-10 codes O96 and O97 not included among maternal deaths.
Age- and race-specific maternal mortality ratios expressed per 100,000 live births; rates by place of death expressed as a proportion of all maternal deaths.