Table 3.

Impact of normalization of serum zinc deficiency on clinical outcomes in IBD.

Hospitalization		Surgery		Complication
Crohn’s Disease (n=232)
OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
0.15 (0.07,0.33)	< 0.001	0.06(0.02,0.18)	0.001	0.16(0.07,0.34)	0.001
Ulcerative Colitis (n=74)
OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
0.21(0.07,0.69)	0.01	0.41(0.13,1.31)	0.1	0.19(0.05,0.67)	0.01

Using a logistic regression model, development of at least one IBD-related hospitalization, IBD-related surgery, or IBD-related complication were compared in those that had normalization of zinc deficiency within 12 months of index zinc measurement to those that remained deficient. Odds ratios and p values for Crohn’s disease patients were calculated using a multivariable model controlling for covariates. For hospitalizations, the covariates included in the model were race, use of anti-TNF or immunomodulatory agent, categorical albumin level, and follow-up duration. For surgeries, the covariates included were race, use of anti-TNF medications, duration of disease, categorical albumin level, and follow-up duration. For Crohn’s-related complications, included factors in the model were race, use of anti-TNF medications, smoking, categorical albumin level, and follow-up duration. Odds ratios and p values for ulcerative colitis patients were calculated using a univariate logistic regression model given the few number of patients in the cohort who had correction of zinc deficiency (n=18).