Table 3.

Categories of dysregulated emotions in relation to modes and therapeutic strategies: dysfunctional parent modes.

Modes category	Dysregulated emotion	Dysfunctional regulation strategy	Effects	Therapeutic strategy
Punitive Parent	Exaggerated guilt Shame Contempt Disgust	Self attack Self devaluation Self punishment Self blame	Self directed abuse	Chair work to deal and overcome punitive parent mode Imagery rescripting to become aware of emotional needs and help the patient modify the situation in order to adequately meet needs Helping to express emotions and needs using healthy ways to deal with emotions Identification and reappraisal of the mode through cognitive and experiential techniques Active confrontation by the therapist to deal and overcome punitive parent mode using limited reparenting
Demanding or Critical Parent	Exaggerated sense of responsibility Guilt		Striving for high status Self neglect Humility Efficiency Rigidity Work addiction Lack of spontaneity Lack of pleasant activities	Chair work to deal and overcome punitive parent mode Imagery rescripting to become aware of emotional needs and help the patient modify the situation in order to adequately meet needs Helping to express emotions and needs using healthy ways to deal with emotions Identification and reappraisal of the mode through cognitive and experiential techniques Active confrontation by the therapist to deal and overcome punitive parent mode using limited reparenting