Table 1.
Sample characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis
| References | N | Participants | Nation | Mean age ±SD (y) | Female (%) | Hypertension (%) | DM (%) | CVA (%) | CVD (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arnau et al. 2016 [6] | 315 | Outpatients | Spain-Eu | 82 ± 5 | 191 (61) | – | 62 (20) | – | – |
| Brown et al. 2015 [7] | 413 | General population | USA-Am | 73 ± 1 | 248 (60) | 189 (46) | 43 (10) | 28 (7) | 63 (15) |
| Cesari et al. 2008 [8] | 200 | General population | IT-Eu | 86 ± 1 | 223 (67) | 246 (73) | 92 (27) | 15 (4) | 40 (12) |
| Cesari et al. 2013 [9] | 335 | Outpatients | IT-Eu | 74 ± 6 | 200 (100) | 166 (83) | 33 (17) | 2 (1) | 40 (20) |
| Chiarantini et al. 2010 [10] | 157 | Hospitalized | IT-Eu | 80 ± 1 | 79 (50) | 52 (33) | – | – | 77 (49) |
| Corsonello et al. 2012 [11] | 506 | Hospitalized | IT-Eu | 80 ± 6 | 231 (46) | 357 (71) | 130 (26) | 66 (13) | 149 (29) |
| Ensrud et al. 2016 [12] | 1495 | General population | USA-Am | 88 ± 3 | 1495 (100) | 985 (66) | 219 (15) | 194 (13) | 373 (25) |
| Greene et al. 2014 [13] | 1627 | General populationa | USA-Am | 49 ± 8 | 561 (34) | – | – | – | – |
| Kim et al. 2016 [14] | 560 | General population | Korea-As | 74 ± 7 | 274 (49) | 256 (46) | 49 (9) | 87 (16) | 87 (16) |
| Lai et al. 2014 [15] | 294 | Outpatients | USA-Am | 57 ± 10 | 100 (34) | 123 (42) | 85 (29) | 4 (1) | 17 (6) |
| Legrand et al. 2014 [16] | 560 | General population | BE-Eu | 85 ± 4 | 351 (63) | 393 (70) | 104 (19) | 46 (8) | 140 (25) |
| Minneci et al. 2015 [17] | 561 | General population | IT-Eu | 73 ± 1 | 323 (58) | – | – | – | – |
| Rolland et al. 2006 [18] | 7250 | General population | FR-Eu | 81 ± 4 | 7250 (100) | 3429 (47) | 420 (6) | 210 (3) | 3495 (48) |
| Stenholm et al. 2016 [19] | 996 | General population | IT-Eu | 75 ± 7 | 558 (56) | 630 (63) | 123 (12) | 57 (6) | 81 (8) |
| Tadjibaev et al. 2014 [20] | 611 | General population | RUS-Eu | 75 ± 6 | 441 (72) | 567 (93) | 87 (14) | 91 (15) | 484 (79) |
| Verghese et al. 2012 [21] | 567 | General population | USA-Am | 80 ± 5 | 345 (61) | 355 (63) | 93 (16) | 56 (10) | 69 (12) |
| Volpato et al. 2011 [22] | 87 | Hospitalized | IT-Eu | 77 ± 6 | 43 (49) | 77 (89) | 21 (24) | 11 (13) | 17 (20) |
SD standard deviation, DM diabetes mellitus, CVA cerebrovascular accident, CVD cardiovascular disease, y years, Am America, Eu Europe, As Asia, IT Italy, BE Belgium, FR France, RUS Russia
aInjection drug user