Table 1.
Overview of study population.
| Median (IQR) or N frequency (%) | p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | THE | Open | Hybrid | MIE | ||
| Patient variables | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| N (%) | 80 (100) | 11 (13.75) | 11 (13.75) | 41 (51.25) | 17 (21.25) | |
|
| ||||||
| Age | 65.2 (59.6−75.3) | 67.4 (60.4−76.2) | 65.1 (59.7−75.6) | 64.7 (56.8−75.4) | 63.4 (59.5−73.8) | 0.891 |
|
| ||||||
| Gender | 0.241 | |||||
| Male | 59 (73.8) | 10 (90.9) | 6 (54.6) | 29 (70.7) | 14 (82.4) | |
| Female | 21 (26.2) | 1 (9.1) | 5 (45.5) | 12 (29.3) | 3 (17.7) | |
|
| ||||||
| Preoperative comorbidities or treatments | ||||||
| Hypertension | 44 (55.0) | 4 (36.4) | 6 (54.6) | 25 (61.0) | 9 (52.9) | 0.550 |
| CAD | 15 (18.8) | 4 (36.4) | 1 (9.1) | 7 (17.1) | 3 (17.7) | 0.502 |
| Prior CTS | 11 (13.8) | 1 (9.1) | 2 (18.2) | 6 (14.6) | 2 (11.8) | 1.000 |
| Preop XRT | 51 (63.8) | 7 (63.6) | 5 (45.5) | 29 (70.7) | 10 (58.8) | 0.455 |
| Preop Chemo | 52 (65.0) | 7 (63.6) | 6 (54.6) | 29 (70.7) | 10 (58.8) | 0.729 |
| COPD | 10 (12.5) | 1 (9.1) | 2 (18.2) | 5 (12.2) | 2 (11.8) | 0.955 |
| CHF | 5 (6.3) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (9.1) | 2 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.189 |
| Diabetes | 16 (20.0) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (9.1) | 9 (22.0) | 4 (23.5) | 0.904 |
|
| ||||||
| Zubrod class | 0.851 | |||||
| Normal Activity | 33 (41.3) | 5 (45.5) | 4 (36.4) | 15 (36.6) | 9 (52.9) | |
| Symptomatic | 47 (58.8) | 6 (54.6) | 7 (63.6) | 26 (63.4) | 8 (47.1) | |
|
| ||||||
| ASA class | 0.573 | |||||
| II | 7 (8.8) | 2 (18.2) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (9.8) | 1 (5.9) | |
| III | 69 (86.3) | 9 (81.8) | 11 (100.0) | 33 (80.5) | 16 (94.1) | |
| IV | 4 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (9.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
|
| ||||||
| Operative outcomes | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| OR time (min) | 441 (399−511) | 330 (307−348) | 449 (397−486) | 437 (410−480) | 527 (461−581) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||
| LOS (days) | 8 (7−9) | 7 (7−12) | 8 (7−13) | 8 (7−9) | 7 (6−9) | 0.476 |
|
| ||||||
| Postoperative complications | 42 (52.5) | 5 (45.5) | 5 (45.5) | 23 (56.1) | 9 (52.9) | 0.912 |
Data presented as n (%) for categorical variables or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables.
p values indicate Fisher's Exact test for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis one-way test analysis of variance for continuous variables.
IQR: interquartile range. THE: transhiatal esophagectomy. MIE: minimally invasive esophagectomy. Preop: preoperative. CAD: coronary artery disease. CTS: cardiothoracic surgery. XRT: radiotherapy. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CHF: congestive heart failure. ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologist. LOS: length of stay.