Table 3. Incidence and adjusted hazard ratio of osteoporosis / fragility fracture stratified by sex, age, comorbidity, oral steroid used and follow-up time between with and without respiratory tuberculosis cohorts.
| Respiratory tuberculosis | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | Compared to non-respiratory tuberculosis | |||||||
| Variables | Event | PY | Rate | Event | PY | Rate | IRR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR† (95% CI) | Adjusted HR† (98% CI) |
| Overall | 782 | 107232 | 7.29 | 428 | 44517 | 9.61 | 1.32(1.21, 1.43)*** | 1.42(1.25, 1.61)*** | 1.42(1.21, 1.65)** |
| Osteoporosis (ICD-9-CM: 7330) | 663 | 6.18 | 338 | 7.59 | 1.23(1.12, 1.34)*** | 1.36(1.18, 1.56)*** | 1.36(1.14, 1.61)** | ||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Women | 354 | 33713 | 10.5 | 189 | 15002 | 12.6 | 1.20(1.04, 1.39)* | 1.11(0.92, 1.34) | 1.11(0.89, 1.40) |
| Men | 428 | 73519 | 5.82 | 239 | 29515 | 8.10 | 1.39(1.26, 1.54)*** | 1.15(0.97, 1.36) | 1.15(0.94, 1.41) |
| P for interaction | 0.34 | ||||||||
| Age, year | |||||||||
| <65 | 210 | 67869 | 3.09 | 129 | 30751 | 4.19 | 1.36(1.21, 1.52)*** | 1.03(0.81, 1.30) | 1.03(0.77, 1.37) |
| 65–75 | 284 | 23387 | 12.1 | 169 | 8699 | 19.4 | 1.60(1.37, 1.87)*** | 1.50(1.22, 1.85)*** | 1.50(1.17, 1.93)** |
| ≥75 | 288 | 15976 | 18.0 | 130 | 5066 | 25.7 | 1.42(1.21, 1.68)*** | 1.49(1.19, 1.86)*** | 1.49(1.14, 1.96)** |
| P for interaction | 0.74 | ||||||||
| Occupation | |||||||||
| White collar | 236 | 48453 | 4.87 | 121 | 18665 | 6.48 | 1.33(1.16, 1.52)*** | 1.57(1.24, 1.99)*** | 1.57(1.18, 2.10)** |
| Blue collar | 359 | 38758 | 9.26 | 184 | 16878 | 10.9 | 1.18(1.03, 1.34)* | 1.16(0.95, 1.40) | 1.16(0.92, 1.46) |
| Others | 187 | 20021 | 9.34 | 123 | 8974 | 13.7 | 1.47(1.24, 1.74)*** | 1.72(1.34, 2.22)*** | 1.72(1.27, 2.34)** |
| P for interaction | 0.48 | ||||||||
| Comorbidity | |||||||||
| No | 62 | 24565 | 2.52 | 5 | 3705 | 1.35 | 0.53(0.35, 0.82)** | 1.11(0.44, 2.81) | 1.11(0.36, 3.43) |
| Yes | 720 | 82667 | 8.71 | 423 | 40812 | 10.4 | 1.19(1.09, 1.30)*** | 1.48(1.31, 1.68)*** | 1.48(1.28, 1.72)** |
| P for interaction | 0.38 | ||||||||
| Oral steroid | |||||||||
| No | 516 | 73083 | 7.06 | 200 | 23253 | 8.60 | 1.22(1.09, 1.37)*** | 1.40(1.17, 1.67)*** | 1.40(1.13, 1.73)** |
| Yes | 266 | 34149 | 7.79 | 228 | 21264 | 10.7 | 1.38(1.22, 1.55)*** | 1.46(1.21, 1.76)*** | 1.46(1.16, 1.83)** |
| P for interaction | 0.73 | ||||||||
| Follow-up, year | |||||||||
| <2 | 257 | 25419 | 10.1 | 162 | 11455 | 14.1 | 1.40(1.28, 1.53)*** | 1.59(1.28, 1.97)*** | 1.28(1.08, 1.52)** |
| ≥2 | 525 | 81813 | 6.42 | 266 | 33062 | 8.05 | 1.25(1.15, 1.37)*** | 1.33(1.14, 1.57)*** | 1.67(1.07, 2.59)** |
PY: person-year; Rate: incidence rate (per 1,000 person-years); IRR: incidence rate ratio; Adjusted HR†: multiple analysis including age, sex, occupation, drug of oral steroid, bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), vitamin D supplements, and aromatase inhibitors and each comorbidity [including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, pneumonia, live cirrhosis, ischemia heart disease (IHD), stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), alcohol-related illness, hyperparathyroidism, celiac disease, Chron’s disease, and lower body weight];
*p<0.05,
**p<0.02,
***p<0.001