Table 5. Incidence and adjusted hazard ratio of osteoporosis / fragility fracture stratified by different comorbidity in respiratory tuberculosis and non-respiratory tuberculosis groups.
| Respiratory tuberculosis | Compared to without respiratory tuberculosis | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||||||||
| Variables | Event | PY | Rate | Event | PY | Rate | IRR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR† (95% CI) | Adjusted HR† (98% CI) |
| Hyperlipidemia | |||||||||
| No | 533 | 78246 | 6.81 | 295 | 32997 | 8.94 | 1.31(1.19, 1.45)*** | 1.42(1.21, 1.66)*** | 1.42(1.17, 1.72)** |
| Yes | 249 | 28986 | 8.59 | 133 | 11520 | 11.5 | 1.34(1.15, 1.57)*** | 1.43(1.14, 1.79)** | 1.43(1.09, 1.88)** |
| P for interaction | 0.72 | ||||||||
| Hypertension | |||||||||
| No | 259 | 57441 | 4.51 | 168 | 24315 | 6.91 | 1.53(1.36, 1.73) | 1.50(1.21, 1.87)*** | 1.50(1.15, 1.96)**** |
| Yes | 523 | 49792 | 10.5 | 260 | 20202 | 12.9 | 1.23(1.10, 1.37)*** | 1.34(1.15, 1.58)*** | 1.34(1.11, 1.63)** |
| P for interaction | 0.048 | ||||||||
| Diabetes | |||||||||
| No | 584 | 84771 | 6.89 | 297 | 33583 | 8.84 | 1.28(1.17, 1.41)*** | 1.39(1.20, 1.63)*** | 1.39(1.16, 1.68)** |
| Yes | 198 | 22462 | 8.82 | 131 | 10934 | 12 | 1.36(1.16, 1.59)*** | 1.42(1.12, 1.80)** | 1.42(1.07, 1.89)** |
| P for interaction | 0.71 | ||||||||
| Pneumonia | |||||||||
| No | 452 | 70796 | 6.38 | 159 | 19286 | 8.24 | 1.29(1.14, 1.46)*** | 1.52(1.26, 1.84)*** | 1.52(1.20, 1.92)** |
| Yes | 330 | 36436 | 9.06 | 269 | 25231 | 10.7 | 1.18(1.05, 1.32)** | 1.33(1.12, 1.58)** | 1.33(1.08, 1.64)** |
| P for interaction | 0.19 | ||||||||
| Live cirrhosis | |||||||||
| No | 541 | 78405 | 6.9 | 261 | 27834 | 9.38 | 1.36(1.23, 1.50)*** | 1.43(1.22, 1.68)*** | 1.43(1.18, 1.74)** |
| Yes | 241 | 28828 | 8.36 | 167 | 16683 | 10 | 1.20(1.04, 1.38)* | 1.37(1.11, 1.69)** | 1.37(1.06, 1.77)** |
| P for interaction | 0.87 | ||||||||
| IHD | |||||||||
| No | 465 | 80293 | 5.79 | 251 | 32385 | 7.75 | 1.34(1.21, 1.48)*** | 1.51(1.27, 1.79)*** | 1.51(1.23, 1.86)** |
| Yes | 317 | 26939 | 11.8 | 177 | 12132 | 14.6 | 1.24(1.08, 1.43)** | 1.30(1.07, 1.58)** | 1.30(1.02, 1.64)** |
| P for interaction | 0.26 | ||||||||
| ESRD | |||||||||
| No | 777 | 105958 | 7.33 | 419 | 43658 | 9.6 | 1.31(1.20, 1.42)*** | 1.40(1.23, 1.60)*** | 1.40(1.20, 1.64)** |
| Yes | 5 | 1274 | 3.92 | 9 | 859 | 10.5 | 2.67(1.46, 4.88)** | 2.24(0.56, 8.98) | 2.24(0.41, 12.2) |
| P for interaction | 0.13 | ||||||||
| Alcohol-related illness | |||||||||
| No | 769 | 104094 | 7.39 | 410 | 41430 | 9.9 | 1.34(1.23, 1.46)*** | 1.40(1.23, 1.59)*** | 1.40(1.19, 1.64)** |
| Yes | 13 | 3138 | 4.14 | 18 | 3086 | 5.83 | 1.41(0.96, 2.07) | 2.61(1.14, 5.95)* | 2.61(0.96, 7.12) |
| P for interaction | 0.35 | ||||||||
| Hyperparathyroidism | |||||||||
| No | 780 | 107120 | 7.28 | 427 | 44375 | 9.62 | 1.32(1.22, 1.43)*** | 1.42(1.25, 1.61)*** | 1.42(1.21, 1.66)** |
| Yes | 2 | 112 | 17.9 | 1 | 142 | 7.06 | 0.39(0.07, 2.35) | - | - |
| P for interaction | 0.29 | ||||||||
| Celiac disease | |||||||||
| No | 782 | 107232 | 7.29 | 428 | 44505 | 9.62 | 1.32(1.22, 1.43)*** | 1.42(1.25, 1.61)*** | 1.42(1.21, 1.65)** |
| Yes | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | 11.7 | 0 | - | - | |
| P for interaction | - | ||||||||
| Chron’s disease | |||||||||
| No | 766 | 105230 | 7.28 | 420 | 43519 | 9.65 | 1.33(1.22, 1.44)*** | 1.42(1.25, 1.62)*** | 1.42(1.22, 1.67)** |
| Yes | 16 | 2002 | 7.99 | 8 | 997 | 8.02 | 1.00(0.56, 1.80) | 0.85(0.31, 2.33) | 0.85(0.25, 2.90) |
| P for interaction | 0.41 | ||||||||
| Lower body weight | |||||||||
| No | 768 | 104556 | 7.35 | 413 | 42491 | 9.72 | 1.32(1.22, 1.44)*** | 1.41(1.24, 1.60)*** | 1.41(1.20, 1.65)** |
| Yes | 14 | 2676 | 5.23 | 15 | 2026 | 7.4 | 1.42(0.91, 2.19) | 2.03(0.86, 4.82) | 2.03(0.71, 5.82) |
| P for interaction | 0.74 | ||||||||
PY: person-year; Rate: incidence rate (per 1,000 person-years); IRR: incidence rate ratio; Adjusted HR†: multiple analysis including age, sex, occupation, drug of oral steroid, bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), vitamin D supplements, and aromatase inhibitors and each comorbidity [including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, pneumonia, live cirrhosis, ischemia heart disease (IHD), stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), alcohol-related illness, hyperparathyroidism, celiac disease, Chron’s disease, and lower body weight];
*p<0.05,
**p<0.02,
***p<0.001