Table 1.

Procedure-Type Risk Categories

	Risk Category 1	Risk Category 2	Risk Category 3	Risk Category 4
Diagnostic Case	Age ≥1 year	Age ≥1 month <1 year	Age <1 month
Valvuloplasty		Pulmonary valve ≥1 month	Aortic valve ≥1 month Pulmonary valve <1 month Tricuspid valve	Aortic valve <1 month Mitral valve
Device or coil closure	Venous Collateral LSVC	ASD/PFO PDA Fontan fenestration Systemic to pulmonary artery collaterals	Systemic surgical shunt Baffle leak Coronary fistula	VSD Perivalvar leak
Balloon angioplasty		RVOT Aorta dilation <8atm	Pulmonary artery < 4 vessels Pulmonary artery ≥ 4 vessels all <8atm Aorta >8atm or CB Systemic artery (not aorta) Systemic surgical shunt Systemic to pulmonary collaterals Systemic vein	Pulmonary artery ≥4 vessels Pulmonary vein
Stent placement		Systemic vein	RVOT Aorta Systemic artery (not aorta)	Ventricular septum Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Systemic surgical shunt Systemic pulmonary collateral
Stent re-dilation		RVOT Atrial septum Aorta Systemic artery (not aorta) Systemic vein	Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein	Ventricular Septum
Other	Myocardial biopsy	Snare foreign body Transseptal puncture	Atrial septostomy Recanalization of jailed vessel in stent Recanalization of occluded vessel	Atrial septum dilation and stent Any catheterization <4 days after surgery Atretic valve perforation

Abbreviations: LSVC, left superior vena cava; ASD, atrial septal defect; PFO, patent foramen ovale; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract; atm, atmospheres; CB, cutting balloon; VSD, ventricular septal defect

Data source: Bergersen L, Gauvreau K, Marshall A, et al. Circ Cardiovasc Inter. 2011; 4: 188-194.