Table I.
The comparison of biomarkers between normal stem cells and CCSCs.
| Marker (Ref.) | Property/function | |
|---|---|---|
| Normal colorectal stem cells | CD29 (140) | Cell adhesion molecule |
| DCAMKL-1 (141) | Kinase | |
| Lgr5 (106) | Component of the Wnt receptor complex | |
| Msi-1 (142) | RNA-binding protein | |
| ALDH1 (23) | Detoxifying enzyme | |
| Colorectal cancer stem cells | Bmi1 (143) | A polycomb group protein that regulates gene silencing |
| CD24 (144) | Cell adhesion molecule | |
| CD29 (87) | Cell adhesion molecule | |
| CD44 (91) | Cell adhesion molecule | |
| CD49f (145) | Cell adhesion molecule | |
| CD58 (20) | Cell adhesion molecule | |
| CD66c (146) | Cell adhesion molecule | |
| CD133 (18) | Glycoprotein, the most classic marker of CCSCs | |
| CD166 (21,22) | Cell adhesion molecule | |
| DCLK1 (147) | Kinase | |
| EpCAM (22) | Cell adhesion molecule | |
| Lgr5 (106) | Component of the Wnt receptor complex | |
| Msi-1 (142) | RNA-binding protein | |
| OLFM4 (148) | Glycoprotein |
CCSCs, colorectal cancer stem cells; Lgr5, Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5; Msi-1, Musashi-1; ALDH1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1; DCAMKL-1, doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1; DCLK1, doublecortin-like kinase 1; EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule; OLFM4, olfactomedin-4.