Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study sample
| Number of patients | 2,465 |
| Age (years)a | 61 (15) |
| Maleb | 1,106 (44.9) |
| Urban areab | 1,640 (66.5) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)c | 29.9±6.6 |
| Diabetes typeb | |
| Type 1 | 298 (12.1) |
| Type 2 | 2,167 (87.9) |
| Diabetes duration (years)a | 8 (10) |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL)c | 1.0±0.7 |
| Glycated hemoglobin level (percentage points)c | 8.9±2.0 |
| Hypertensive patientsb | 1,912 (77.6) |
| Comorbidities of the urinary tractb | |
| Kidney stones | 184 (7.5) |
| Malformations of the urinary tract | 20 (0.8) |
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia | 223 (9.1) |
| Urinary catheterization | 7 (0.3) |
| Tumors of the urinary tract | 11 (0.4) |
| Cystocele | 62 (2.5) |
| Renal cyst | 90 (3.7) |
| Two or more associated factors | 14 (0.6) |
| Diabetes complicationsb | |
| Retinopathy | |
| Mild nonproliferative | 450 (18.3) |
| Moderate nonproliferative | 69 (2.8) |
| Severe nonproliferative | 131 (5.3) |
| Proliferative | 125 (5.1) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 576 (23.4) |
| Coronary artery disease | 1,208 (49.0) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 167 (6.8) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 410 (16.6) |
| Neuropathy | |
| Somatic | 1,656 (67.1) |
| Autonomic | 49 (2.0) |
| Positive urine culture | 297 (12.0) |
Notes:
a
Continuous variables without Gaussian distribution. Results are presented as median and (interquartile range).
b
Dichotomous variables. Results are presented as number of individuals and (percentage of total).
c
Continuous variables with Gaussian distribution. Results are presented as average ± standard deviation.