Fig. 2.

 Representative case (case 1). 59-year-old male who underwent endoscopic resection for large superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a Endoscopic view of the tumor after Lugol’s staining. The tumor spread to about 3/4 of the circumference of the esophageal lumen. b Endoscopic view of the ulcer bed immediately after ESD. The width of the mucosal defect was ≥ 7/8 and less than the entire circumference (Group B). Then, steroid injection alone was performed as a prophylactic treatment. c The esophageal stricture occurred at 42 days after ESD and subsequently endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) was performed.