Table 7. Comparison of the site of prior training for cardiothoracic surgeons practicing at the top ranked US cardiothoracic (CT) centers* and their peers.
| Variables | Any training at one of the top CT centers* | All training (medical school + residency + fellowship) at the top CT centers* | Medical school at one of the top CT centers* | General Surgery residency at one of the top CT centers* | Thoracic surgery fellowship at one of the top CT centers* | “Super-fellowship” at one of the top CT centers* | Any training at their current institution | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | |||||||
| All faculty | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Top- ranked CT centers* | 248 (82.9) | 51 (17.1) | 77 (25.8) | 222 (74.2) | 102 (34.1) | 197 (65.9) | 169 (56.7) | 129 (43.3) | 212 (71.9) | 83 (28.1) | 34 (52.3) | 31 (47.7) | 161 (53.8) | 138 (46.2) | ||||||
| Other CT centers | 185 (46.8) | 210 (53.2) | 37 (9.4) | 358 (90.6) | 72 (18.2) | 323 (81.8) | 102 (26.0) | 290 (74.0) | 121 (31.4) | 264 (68.6) | 35 (30.7) | 79 (69.3) | 155 (39.2) | 240 (60.8) | ||||||
| Chi square test | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | P=0.007 | P<0.001 | |||||||||||||
| Junior faculty | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Top ranked CT centers* | 92 (88.5) | 12 (11.5) | 28 (26.9) | 76 (73.1) | 33 (31.7) | 71 (68.3) | 60 (58.3) | 43 (41.7) | 29 (54.7) | 24 (45.3) | 16 (72.7) | 6 (27.3) | 66 (63.5) | 38 (36.5) | ||||||
| Other CT centers | 74 (49.3) | 76 (50.7) | 15 (10.0) | 135 (90.0) | 24 (16.0) | 126 (84.0) | 39 (26.0) | 111 (74.0) | 56 (37.6) | 93 (62.4) | 16 (30.8) | 36 (69.2) | 59 (39.3) | 91 (60.7) | ||||||
| Chi square test | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | P=0.005 | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | P=0.002 | P<0.001 | |||||||||||||
| Senior faculty | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Top ranked CT centers* | 155 (80.3) | 38 (19.7) | 49 (25.4) | 144 (74.6) | 69 (35.8) | 124 (64.2) | 109 (56.5) | 84 (43.5) | 132 (69.5) | 58 (30.5) | 18 (41.9) | 25 (58.1) | 95 (49.2) | 98 (50.8) | ||||||
| Other CT centers | 110 (45.1) | 134 (54.9) | 22 (9.0) | 222 (91.0) | 48 (19.7) | 196 (80.3) | 63 (26.1) | 178 (73.9) | 64 (27.2) | 171 (72.8) | 19 (30.6) | 43 (69.4) | 96 (39.3) | 148 (60.7) | ||||||
| Chi square test | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | P=0.33 | P=0.049 | |||||||||||||
Data expressed as number (percentage). *, defined as among the top 10 US institutions in at least one of the following categories in the US News & World Report 2015-2016: “Honor Roll”, “Adult Cardiology and Heart Surgery”, “Adult Pulmonology” or “Adult Cancer”. Missing data points were excluded.