Table 2.

Lifespan parameters of Drosophila melanogaster treated with quercetin and (-)-epicatechin during lifetime.

Treatment	Concentration	Min	$\overline{X}\pm \Delta m$	M	90%	Max	MRDT	α	R0	N
MALES
Control (1)		2	40.5 ± 1.3	47	58	76	9.6	0.076	0.0024	153
Quercetin (1)	0.3 μM	2	40.1 ± 1.5*	47	49**	55	5.6	0.123	0.0004	92
	0.5 μM	2	32.4 ± 1.7**	41**	48**	55	10.7	0.065	0.0055	97
	1.0 μM	2	41.7 ± 1.3	47	49*	63	6.1	0.114	0.0006	92
(-)-Epicatechin (1)	0.3 μM	2	43.8 ± 1.0	48	55	72	7.0	0.099	0.0008	144
	0.5 μM	6	44.7 ± 1.4*	47	66**	68	9.5	0.073	0.0017	127
	1.0 μM	2	37.9 ± 1.3*	42	55*	62	8.7	0.079	0.0024	150
Control (2)		2	48.7 ± 1.3	48	72	82	11.4	0.061	0.0020	193
Quercetin (2)	0.3 μM	5	46.6 ± 1.0*	48	64**	78	9.8	0.071	0.0016	212
	0.5 μM	13	46.1 ± 1.1*	42*	64	79	11.2	0.062	0.0024	193
	1.0 μM	2	35.2 ± 1.0**	28**	62**	78	14.6	0.048	0.0077	208
(-)-Epicatechin (2)	0.3 μM	2	37.3 ± 1.0**	35**	62**	64	11.0	0.063	0.0043	196
	0.5 μM	2	50.7 ± 1.1	50	68	78	9.3	0.074	0.0010	191
	1.0 μM	2	41.1 ± 1.5	28**	72	93	19.4	0.036	0.0074	183
FEMALES
Control (1)		2	46.9 ± 1.3	48	62	82	9.0	0.078	0.0013	134
Quercetin (1)	0.3 μM	2	41.3 ± 1.6**	47*	55*	65	7.9	0.088	0.0014	86
	0.5 μM	2	44.4 ± 1.5*	48	61	68	7.6	0.091	0.0009	86
	1.0 μM	2	35.9 ± 1.7**	40**	55*	62	10.9	0.064	0.0045	90
(-)-Epicatechin (1)	0.3 μM	2	43.4 ± 1.5	49	62	79	10.4	0.067	0.0023	131
	0.5 μM	5	41.1 ± 0.8**	38**	59	76	9.7	0.071	0.0026	219
	1.0 μM	2	42.0 ± 1.4*	47*	56*	93	11.3	0.061	0.0033	129
Control (2)		2	56.4 ± 1.0	58	72	78	7.3	0.096	0.0003	180
Quercetin (2)	0.3 μM	2	55.9 ± 1.0	57	68	78	6.9	0.100	0.0002	190
	0.5 μM	7	54.2 ± 0.9*	56*	64*	78	7.0	0.099	0.0003	194
	1.0 μM	2	56.8 ± 0.9	57	68	79	5.9	0.118	0.0001	188
(-)-Epicatechin (2)	0.3 μM	2	52.3 ± 1.0**	54**	65*	97	9.2	0.075	0.0009	199
	0.5 μM	2	61.8 ± 1.0**	64**	78**	96	8.2	0.084	0.0003	206
	1.0 μM	2	57.4 ± 1.1	62	72	89	8.1	0.086	0.0004	166

Min, minimum lifespan, days; $\overline{X}\pm \Delta m$, mean lifespan and standard error of mean, days; M, median lifespan, days; 90%, age of 90% mortality, days; Max, maximum lifespan, days; MRTD, mortality rate time of doubling; α and R₀, Gompertz equation parameters; N, number of flies in a sample; (1), (2), replications;

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.001, data in forth column calculated by Cox–Mantel test, in fifth column calculated by Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test, in sixth column calculated by Wang–Allison method.