Table 2.
Adjusted PHQ-9 scores in patients with diabetes classified by stage of nephropathy
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage of diabetic nephropathy | Least square mean | 95% CI | p Value | Least square mean | 95% CI | p Value |
| 1 (reference) | 3.85 | 3.59 to −4.11 | − | 4.00 | 3.74 to 4.25 | − |
| 2 | 4.11 | 3.59 to 4.64 | 0.903 | 4.05 | 3.54 to 4.56 | 1.000 |
| 3 | 5.64 | 4.79 to 6.49 | <0.001 | 5.12 | 4.29 to 5.94 | 0.063 |
| 4 | 5.93 | 5.34 to 6.52 | <0.001 | 5.64 | 5.02 to 6.25 | <0.001 |
| 5 (dialysis) | 7.02 | 6.33 to 7.71 | <0.001 | 6.59 | 5.79 to 7.39 | <0.001 |
| 5 (transplantation) | 6.19 | 4.76 to 7.61 | 0.008 | 5.48 | 4.09 to 6.88 | 0.183 |
Least square mean PHQ-9 scores were calculated using the analysis of covariance in patients with diabetes in each stage of nephropathy (stage 1 nephropathy as the control group) without adjustment (model 1) and with adjustment for age, sex, type of diabetes, HbA1c, use of oral hypoglycemic agents, injections, antihypertensive and antilipemic agents, presence of retinopathy, neuropathy, cardiac disease, stroke, and gangrene (model 2).
HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9.