Table 2. Gross nitrification and NO₃ ⁻ consumption rates in control and biochar microcosms (experiment 1).

time period [days]	nitrification rate [mg N kg−1 dry soil h−1]			NO3− consumption rate [mg N kg−1 dry soil h−1]
	control	biochar	p-value	control	biochar	p-value
0–1	0.24 ± 0.04	0.28 ± 0.03	0.504	0.28 ± 0.03	0.61 ± 0.04	0.004
1–2	0.08 ± 0.02	0.18 ± 0.03	0.075	0.49 ± 0.18	0.42 ± 0.05	0.683
2–4	0.20 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.02	0.013	0.08 ± 0.03	0.14 ± 0.02	0.190
4–7	0.1 ± 0.02	0.1 ± 0.00	0.941	0.17 ± 0.03	0.17 ± 0.02	0.871
7–10	0.28 ± 0.02	0.17 ± 0.00	0.002	0.07 ± 0.02	0.16 ± 0.01	0.008
mean	0.19 ± 0.02	0.16 ± 0.02	0.403	0.20 ± 0.05	0.30 ± 0.05	0.183

Individual rates were determined for all time frames between the sampling dates. For individual rates values represent means ± standard errors (n = 3). Mean rates were calculated using the individual rates from all time frames. For mean rates values represent means ± standard errors (n = 15). p-values originate from t-tests (control vs. biochar).