Table 2.
Sepsis incidence rates and hospitalization characteristics by HDL-C and LDL-C quartile
| Variable | HDL-C quartile | p | LDL-C quartile | p | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1, 5–40 mg/dl | Q2, 41–49 mg/dl | Q3, 50–61 mg/dl | Q4, 62–199 mg/dl | Q1, 3–89 mg/dl | Q2, 90–111 mg/dl | Q3, 112–135 mg/dl | Q4, 136–388 mg/dl | |||
| Number of participants | 7305 | 7064 | 7162 | 6749 | 6984 | 7088 | 6915 | 6896 | ||
| Sepsis events, N (%) | 485 (6.6) | 372 (5.3) | 329 (4.6) | 264 (3.9) | 451 (6.5) | 399 (5.6) | 304 (4.4) | 261 (3.8) | ||
| IR (per 1000 person-years), 95% CI | 10.6 (9.7–11.6) | 8.5 (7.7–9.4) | 7.3 (6.6–8.1) | 6.2 (5.5–7.0) | 10.6 (9.6–11.6) | 8.9 (8.1–9.9) | 6.9 (6.2–7.7) | 6.0 (5.3–6.8) | ||
| Sepsis event hospitalization characteristics | ||||||||||
| Infection type, N (%) | ||||||||||
| Pneumonia | 179 (36.9) | 128 (34.4) | 138 (42.0) | 120 (45.5) | 0.018 | 181 (40.1) | 151 (37.8) | 113 (37.2) | 105 (40.2) | 0.79 |
| Kidney and urinary tract infections | 86 (17.7) | 71 (19.1) | 58 (17.6) | 22 (12.5) | 0.16 | 80 (17.7) | 79 (19.8) | 61 (20.1) | 22 (8.4) | <0.001 |
| Abdominal | 78 (16.1) | 71 (19.1) | 40 (12.2) | 22 (12.5) | 0.038 | 62 (13.8) | 64 (16.0) | 44 (14.5) | 47 (18.0) | 0.45 |
| Skin and soft tissue | 50 (10.3) | 29 (7.8) | 17 (5.2) | 20 (7.6) | 0.066 | 43 (9.5) | 26 (6.5) | 26 (8.6) | 19 (7.3) | 0.40 |
| Bronchitis, influenza and other lung infections | 34 (7.0) | 34 (9.1) | 35 (10.6) | 31 (11.7) | 0.13 | 34 (7.5) | 38 (9.5) | 34 (11.2) | 27 (10.3) | 0.35 |
| Sepsis | 42 (8.7) | 21 (5.7) | 18 (5.5) | 16 (6.1) | 0.20 | 30 (6.7) | 23 (5.8) | 16 (5.3) | 24 (9.2) | 0.24 |
| Fever of unknown origin | 4 (0.8) | 7 (1.9) | 11 (3.3) | 4 (1.5) | 0.072 | 6 (1.3) | 9 (2.3) | 3 (1.0) | 7 (2.7) | 0.34 |
| Surgical wound | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.8) | 5 (1.5) | 1 (0.4) | 0.14 | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.7) | 4 (1.5) | 0.41 |
| Catheter (IV/central/dialysis) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.1) | – | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0.91 |
| Meningitis | 0 (0) | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) | 0.27 | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.8) | 0.51 |
| Unknown/other | 9 (1.9) | 6 (1.6) | 5 (1.5) | 2 (0.8) | 0.70 | 9 (2.0) | 5 (1.3) | 4 (1.3) | 4 (1.5) | 0.85 |
| Elevated SOFA score (SOFA ≥ 2), N (%) | 266 (54.9) | 175 (47.0) | 147 (44.7) | 119 (45.1) | 0.010 | 251 (55.7) | 201 (50.4) | 127 (41.8) | 107 (41.0) | <0.001 |
| Admitted to ICU vs floor, N (%)a | 69 (16.0) | 42 (12.8) | 41 (14.4) | 24 (9.9) | 0.16 | 70 (17.0) | 41 (11.6) | 26 (10.2) | 32 (13.9) | 0.051 |
| In-hospital death, N (%) | 43 (8.9) | 30 (8.1) | 30 (9.1) | 25 (9.5) | 0.93 | 43 (9.5) | 35 (8.8) | 19 (6.3) | 29 (11.1) | 0.22 |
Total of 29,690 participants. LDL-C measurement missing for 1807 participants. HDL-C measurement missing for 1410 participants
p values from Pearson chi-square tests of association for variables with at least five observations in 75% of table cells, and Fisher exact tests for all others
aIncludes only events resulting in an inpatient admission and those with inpatient records available
LDL-C low-density lipoprotein, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein, IR incidence rate, CI confidence interval, SOFA Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment, ICU intensive care unit