Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of heart failure patients included in individual patient data meta-analysis.
| Control | Intervention | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size, n | 2674 | 2950 | 5624 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 1505 (56.2) | 1711 (58.0) | 3126 (57.2) |
| Female | 1169 (43.7) | 1239 (42.0) | 2408 (42.8) |
| Age, y | 69.9 ± 12.3 | 69.6 ± 12.4 | 69.7 ± 12.4 |
| <65 years | 796 (29.8) | 917 (31.1) | 1713 (30.5) |
| 65–80 years | 1358 (50.8) | 1491 (50.5) | 2849 (50.7) |
| >80 years | 520 (19.4) | 542 (18.4) | 1062 (18.9) |
| Systolic dysfunction: LVEF | 39.7 ± 18.4 | 38.7 ± 18.1 | 39.2 ± 18.2 |
| >35% LVEF | 805 (48.8) | 903 (47.3) | 1708 (48.0) |
| ≤35% LVEF | 846 (51.2) | 1008 (52.7) | 1854 (52.0) |
| NYHA class | |||
| NYHA I & II | 1141 (45.2) | 1317 (47.0) | 2458 (46.1) |
| NYHA III | 899 (35.6) | 1065 (38.0) | 1964 (36.9) |
| NYHA IV | 484 (19.2) | 422 (15.0) | 906 (17.0) |
| Comorbidity index* | |||
| No comorbid conditions | 401 (16.7) | 556 (20.7) | 957 (18.8) |
| Comorbid conditions in 1 cluster | 925 (38.6) | 991 (36.9) | 1916 (37.7) |
| Comorbid conditions in >1 cluster | 1070 (44.7) | 1136 (42.3) | 2206 (43.4) |
| Depression† | |||
| No/mild depression | 959 (73.9) | 1169 (68.8) | 2128 (71.0) |
| Moderate/severe depression | 339 (26.1) | 531 (31.2) | 870 (29.0) |
| Level of education | |||
| Primary education or below | 807 (42.3) | 910 (39.4) | 1717 (40.7) |
| Secondary education | 711 (37.3) | 939 (40.6) | 1650 (39.1) |
| Higher education | 388 (20.4) | 461 (20.0) | 849 (20.1) |
| Years since diagnosis (median and interquartile range) | 2.0 (0.1–6.0) | 1.3 (0.1–5.2) | 1.6 (0.1–5.4) |
| <1 year diagnosed | 400 (41.3) | 619 (46.2) | 1019 (44.1) |
| 1–2 years diagnosed | 118 (12.2) | 171 (12.8) | 289 (12.5) |
| >2 years diagnosed | 451 (46.5) | 551 (41.1) | 1002 (43.4) |
| Living status | |||
| Living with others | 1064 (75.2) | 1076 (73.2) | 2140 (74.2) |
| Living alone | 350 (24.8) | 393 (26.8) | 743 (25.8) |
| Body mass index | 28.2 ± 6.9 | 27.9 ± 6.4 | 28.0 ± 6.6 |
| <25 | 483 (34.2) | 647 (36.1) | 1130 (35.3) |
| 25–29.99 | 508 (36.0) | 611 (34.1) | 1119 (35.0) |
| ≥30 | 420 (29.8) | 532 (29.7) | 952 (29.7) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current non-smoker | 933 (79.9) | 993 (82.1) | 1926 (81.1) |
| Current smoker | 234 (20.1) | 216 (17.9) | 450 (18.9) |
LVEF indicates left ventricular ejection fraction; and NYHA, New York Heart Association.
Values are n(%), mean±SD or median(interquartile range).
*
Categories in the present IPD meta-analysis are based on clusters of the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale.20
†
Based on validated cut-off scores of instrument used in each specific study.