Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics, Disease Severity, Substance Use, and Cognitive Functioning Measures Among Youth With PHIV
| Characteristic | Youth With PHIV (N = 40) |
|---|---|
| Age at scan (mean [SD]) (y) | 16.7 (2.4) |
| Female sex (n [%]) | 21 (53) |
| Race (n [%])a | |
| Black | 29 (73) |
| Ethnicity (n [%])a | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 5 (13) |
| HIV disease-severity measures | |
| Nadir CD4% (median [IQR]) | 16.5 (8.0–23.8) |
| Nadir CD4% < 15% (n [%]) | 17 (43) |
| Age at nadir CD4% (median [IQR]) (y) | 5.7 (2.2–10.9) |
| Most recent CD4% (median [IQR]) | 35.9 (27.6–42.9) |
| Age at most recent CD4% (y) | 17.0 (14.9–18.2) |
| Log peak HIV RNA VL (median [IQR]) (copies/mL) | 5.7 (5.2–5.9) |
| Age at peak RNA (median [IQR]) (y) | 2.5 (0.6–5.3) |
| Most recent RNA count > 400 copies/mL (n [%]) | 6 (15) |
| Age at most recent RNA (median [IQR]) (y) | 17.0 (14.9–18.2) |
| % of VL > 1000 copies/mL in past 5 y (median [IQR]) | 6.5 (0.0–29.0) |
| Substance use, according to ACASI (n [%])b | |
| Alcohol | 14 (35) |
| Tobacco use | 10 (25) |
| Marijuana use | 14 (35) |
| Illicit drug use, excluding marijuanac | 3 (8) |
| Use of alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana, excluding other illicit drugs | 15 (38) |
| Age at start of cART (median [IQR]) (y) | 3.5 (1.4–6.3) |
| ARV regimen at the time of scan (n [%]) | |
| cART | 37 (92) |
| Not on cART | 1 (3) |
| Not on any ARVs | 2 (5) |
| Wechsler cognitive indicesd (mean [SD]) | |
| Cognitive Proficiency Index | 90.3 (16.0) |
| Working Memory Index | 87.6 (16.8) |
| Processing Speed Index | 95.4 (14.2) |
Abbreviations: ACASI, audio computer-assisted self-interview; ARV, antiretroviral; cART, combination antiretroviral therapy (regimen including at least 3 drugs from at least 2 drug classes); CD4%, CD4-positive T-lymphocyte percentage; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; PHIV, perinatally acquired HIV; SD, standard deviation; VL, viral load.
aOne youth with PHIV did not report race.
bTwo youth with PHIV were missing information on substance use.
cIllicit drugs include inhalants, amphetamines, cocaine, methamphetamine, crack, sedatives/barbiturates, ecstasy, hallucinogens, and heroin.
dAge-appropriate Wechsler tests included the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th Edition, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th Edition.