Table 1.
Cohort Characteristics and Associations with Academic Difficulty.
| Total | Educational Difficulty | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| N (%) | Mean (SD) | Range | Without | With | p | ||
| Age | 276 | 13.8(2.7) | 5.4–17.9 | 13.7(2.7) | 14.1(2.8) | 0.37 | |
|
| |||||||
| Days Since Concussion | 276 | 42.7(62.9) | 11–397 | 43.5(68.6) | 40.5(45.5) | 0.73 | |
|
| |||||||
| Race | White | 199(73.2) | 137(70.3) | 58(29.7) | 0.49 | ||
| African American | 64(23.5) | 43(68.3) | 20(31.8) | ||||
| Other | 9(3.3) | 8(88.9) | 1(11.1) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Gender | Male | 174(63.3) | 127(74.3) | 44(25.7) | 0.10 | ||
| Female | 102(36.9) | 64(64.7) | 35(35.4) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Insurance | Private | 198(73.9) | 140(70.7) | 58(29.3) | 0.91 | ||
| Public | 70(26.1) | 49(70.0) | 21(30.0) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Number of Previous Concussions | 0 | 193(73.4) | 137(71.0) | 56(29.0) | 0.78 | ||
| 1 | 50(19.0) | 34(68.0) | 16(32.0) | ||||
| 2 | 10(3.8) | 5(50.0) | 5(50.0) | ||||
| 3 | 3(1.1) | 3(100) | 0 | ||||
| 4 | 7(2.7) | 6(85.7) | 1(14.3) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Loss of Consciousness | No | 190(75.1) | 135(71.0) | 55(29.0) | 0.95 | ||
| Yes | 63(24.9) | 45(71.4) | 18(28.6) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Imaging | No | 213(9.2) | 152(71.4) | 61(28.6) | 0.61 | ||
| Yes | 56(20.6) | 38(67.9) | 18(32.1) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Amnesia Event | No | 182(67.4) | 152(83.5) | 30(16.5) | <.001 | ||
| Yes | 88(32.6) | 39(44.3) | 49(55.7) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| SCAT Full Scale | 240 | 79.7(10.1) | 43–98 | 81.7(9.6) | 75.3(9.6) | <.0001 | |
| SCAT Cognitive Subscale | 167 | 25.3(2.6) | 15–30 | 25.4(2.6) | 25.2(2.6) | 0.68 | |
| SCAT Balance Subscale | 166 | 24.7(3.6) | 12–30 | 24.7(3.1) | 24.8(3.9) | 0.85 | |
| SCAT Symptom Severity | 167 | 24.0(26.4) | 0–126 | 12.7(6.4) | 40.3(30.2) | <.0001 | |
| SCAT Symptom Number | 169 | 13.3(6.7) | 0–22 | 16.3(5.5) | 8.9(6.1) | <.0001 | |
|
| |||||||
| Balance Difficulty | No | 223(82.9) | 174(78.0) | 49(22.0) | <.0001 | ||
| Yes | 46(17.1) | 17(37.0) | 29(63.0) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Concentration Difficulty | No | 162(60.0) | 152(93.8) | 10(6.2) | <.0001 | ||
| Yes | 108(40.0) | 39(36.1) | 69(63.9) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Confusion | No | 181(67.0) | 144(79.6) | 37(20.4) | <.0001 | ||
| Yes | 89(33.0) | 47(52.8) | 42(47.2) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Dizziness | No | 83(30.4) | 67(81.7) | 15(18.3) | 0.009 | ||
| Yes | 191(69.6) | 123(65.8) | 64(34.2) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Fatigue | No | 143(52.6) | 121(84.6) | 22(15.4) | <.0001 | ||
| Yes | 129(47.4) | 68(54.4) | 57(45.6) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Headache | No | 5(1.8) | 4(80.0) | 1(20.0) | 0.67 | ||
| Yes | 269(98.2) | 187(71.1) | 76(28.9) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Hearing | No | 206(75.2) | 163(79.9) | 41(20.1) | <.0001 | ||
| Yes | 68(24.8) | 28(42.4) | 38(57.6) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Irritable | No | 203(73.8) | 160(79.2) | 42(20.8) | <.0001 | ||
| Yes | 72(26.2) | 31(45.6) | 37(54.4) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Nausea | No | 156(56.5) | 118(76.1) | 37(23.9) | 0.02 | ||
| Yes | 120(43.5) | 73(63.5) | 42(36.5) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Sleep Disturbance | No | 214(77.8) | 169(79.0) | 45(21.0) | <.0001 | ||
| Yes | 61(22.2) | 22(39.3) | 34(60.7) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Slurred Speech | No | 261(95.6) | 187(72.5) | 71(27.5) | 0.01 | ||
| Yes | 12(4.4) | 4(36.4) | 7(63.6) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Vision | No | 146(53.3) | 120(82.8) | 25(17.2) | <.0001 | ||
| Yes | 128(46.7) | 71(56.8) | 54(43.2) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Vomiting | No | 216(78.7) | 159(74.3) | 55(25.7) | 0.01 | ||
| Yes | 59(21.3) | 32(57.1) | 24(30.4) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Educational Difficulty | No | 191(70.7) | |||||
| Yes | 79(29.3) | ||||||